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Kathi Elster and Katherine Crowley give advice to a team leader whose client is verbally abusive, takes credit for the team's successes and throws them under the bus when mistakes are made.

Working with a Toxic Client -- www.AskK2.com from K Squared on Vimeo.

Katherine Crowley, a Harvard trained psychotherapist, and Kathi Elster, a management consultant and executive coach, create the yin and yang of their company, K Squared Enterprises. Bestselling authors, educators, public speakers, executive coaches, and veteran consultants, Kathi and Katherine are seasoned guides in the area of professional fulfillment through self-awareness and self-management. Together they have written Working For You Isn't Working For Me, The Ultimate Guide To Managing Your Boss and the national bestseller, Working with You Is Killing Me: Freeing Yourself from Emotional Traps at Work.


The following guest post from Rivka Kawano, president of Life Train, LLC, might be helpful for those who feel they need a video resume to increase their chances of finding the entry level jobs they most desire.

For some professions a video resume is not only helpful, it is almost necessary. If you are a model, actor, videographer, or in another field where you will be on camera or creating material to be on camera, then it is very helpful - as long as it is professionally done. In addition, if you are a high level executive or sales person where your physical presence may be an important part of your job, then it may be okay to create a video resume.

Continue reading "Is a Video Resume Right for You?" »


Kathi and Katherine tackle the issue of how someone can go from being a "background person" and start playing a leading role on the job.

Overcoming Invisibility -- www.AskK2.com from K Squared on Vimeo.

Katherine Crowley, a Harvard trained psychotherapist, and Kathi Elster, a management consultant and executive coach, create the yin and yang of their company, K Squared Enterprises. Bestselling authors, educators, public speakers, executive coaches, and veteran consultants, Kathi and Katherine are seasoned guides in the area of professional fulfillment through self-awareness and self-management. Together they have written Working For You Isn't Working For Me, The Ultimate Guide To Managing Your Boss and the national bestseller, Working with You Is Killing Me: Freeing Yourself from Emotional Traps at Work.


I've been passed over for promotion at my company five times now and when I complained about it to one of my former coworkers - one of the people who got promoted ahead of me - he said it's because I'm "too nice," and that upper management thinks I don't "have what it takes to make tough decisions." Does that mean I have to start being a jerk in order to move my career forward in this company? Please tell me there's a better way.


Our new boss has a very thick foreign accent so it's difficult to understand him. No one in the office speaks his language and he refuses to use an interpreter. Instead he puts everything into email messages and sends them out to all of us. That's great until we have a question and can't understand the answer. How can we work this out to everyone's benefit?


My boss has been giving me increasingly complex tasks lately with minimal training or explanation. When I ask questions, she gets annoyed and rolls her eyes and says things like, "Oh, God, this project's never gonna get done." I told her once that things would get done a lot faster if she taught me how to do them at the beginning, but she just looked at me and asked if I was "getting smart" with her. The woman in the cube next to mine said the reason my boss isn't training me is because she doesn't know how to do it herself, and that's why she gets upset and has to run off to "look this up" whenever I ask for help. Really? I love being challenged and couldn't care less if my boss is dumping work on me that she can't do herself, but I hate her attitude. What can I do to change this situation for the better?


When I interviewed with a recruiter recently, he looked at my resume and told me I should focus more on my experience because online bachelor's degrees get very little respect in the corporate world. Is that true, even for accredited schools like the one I attended?


I've always been good at knitting, crocheting and doing macrame as a hobby, but now that I have had my hours cut in half at work, I'm thinking about using my extra time to start my own business. How can I find out if there's really a market for the things I make (sweaters, scarves, coasters, etc.)?


Let's face it, we've all worked with a jerk or two in our careers; and if we're brutally honest, some of us have been the jerks who made other people's lives at work unpleasant. Well, Kathi and Katherine have a way to deal with a hostile co-worker with which I happen to disagree. Watch the video below and see what you think.

Dealing with a Hostile or Demeaning Co-worker -- www.AskK2.com from K Squared on Vimeo.

Katherine Crowley, a Harvard trained psychotherapist, and Kathi Elster, a management consultant and executive coach, create the yin and yang of their company, K Squared Enterprises. Bestselling authors, educators, public speakers, executive coaches, and veteran consultants, Kathi and Katherine are seasoned guides in the area of professional fulfillment through self-awareness and self-management. Together they have written Working For You Isn't Working For Me, The Ultimate Guide To Managing Your Boss and the national bestseller, Working with You Is Killing Me: Freeing Yourself from Emotional Traps at Work.


One of my company's biggest clients never gets my name right. He constantly calls me by my predecessor's name. I ignore it, but it really upsets me because I feel as if I'm not measuring up somehow and that he wishes she were here instead of me. Am I reading too much into this?


One of my co-workers is a touchy-feely sort. Every time she talks to someone, she touches him/her on the arm at least once or rubs his/her back (not in a creepy way). Most people love her and even the ones who don't like her respect her. But I hate being touched by virtual strangers, regardless of how casual or comforting the intent. How can I make this clear to her without making myself look like a people-hating jerk?


I have a great group of people in my department. During the last team meeting, they played a video they created themselves to address the issue of bullying in the workplace. I recognized myself in their "Wizard of Oz" themed demonstration. Now that I've been made aware of my faults, how can I apologize and start changing the way I treat them?


Our boss clearly favors the younger members of our team. Every time one of the younger employees does something well, our boss praises them openly in front of everyone. When one of us older employees does well, she just says, "Good job, thanks," kind of flatly while standing right next to us so only we and our nearest neighbors can hear. It makes us feel unappreciated and it's affecting our productivity. How can we get her to see things from our point of view?


My boss talked her boss into creating a supervisor position in our department because she had, more than once, caught people slacking off every time her back was turned. Since I became the supervisor, people have stopped slacking even when we're both out of the office, and productivity has increased by 10%. Because of that, my boss' boss wants to give me her job and make her a regular employee, and she would report to me. She thinks I did something underhanded to "feed my ambitious heart," but I didn't. I just did my job the way she trained me to do it. What should I do? What can I do?


A lot of people found themselves putting in extra hours and doing double duty thanks to layoffs in their companies. They stayed with their struggling companies and may have been instrumental in keeping those companies afloat. So, they feel they deserve a raise for their hard work, loyalty and dedication. But they feel a little hesitant. The economy hasn't really recovered, yet. In the video below, Kathi Elster and Katherine Crowley offer the following advice to someone who finds himself/herself in just such a quandary.

Asking for a Raise in a Down Economy -- www.AskK2.com from K Squared on Vimeo.


Katherine Crowley, a Harvard trained psychotherapist, and Kathi Elster, a management consultant and executive coach, create the yin and yang of their company, K Squared Enterprises. Bestselling authors, educators, public speakers, executive coaches, and veteran consultants, Kathi and Katherine are seasoned guides in the area of professional fulfillment through self-awareness and self-management. Together they have written Working For You Isn't Working For Me, The Ultimate Guide To Managing Your Boss and the national bestseller, Working with You Is Killing Me: Freeing Yourself from Emotional Traps at Work.


When an interviewer asked me what I liked about my last job, I said, "The coffee," and smiled. I didn't get the job and now I'm wondering if my answer to that one question could have been what disqualified me. Could that really have been the reason I didn't get hired?


Our new office assistant has an excuse for everything. Nothing is ever her fault. For example, she was late for work because of traffic and not because she left later than usual or she didn't get a project completed in time because the copier closest to her desk was out of order and she had to walk "all the way across the department" to use the only other copier equipped to do the job and not because she waited until the last minute to do a job she'd been assigned more than a week prior to the deadline. How can I make her see that she's hurting herself by doing this? She's only been with us a month and she's already been nicknamed "Not My Fault" behind her back.


When I started my internship, the department manager tried to friend me on Facebook, but I declined and sent him an invitation to connect on LinkedIn instead. He accepted but now he seems a little cooler toward me and he sometimes looks at me speculatively. Did I make a mistake when I refused to friend him on Facebook? Could it negatively affect my internship?


How important is it for me to have my own domain name and Web site when I'm only an accountant?


My mother once told me that every office has certain personality types and that when someone who fits a certain personality type leaves, someone else with the same personality type will either be hired or someone who's already there will assume that position. The office complainer recently left. Is it possible my mother was right? Are we doomed to have a complainer in our office no matter what?


People who are punctual, like Kathi Elster, find it frustrating to have a job working with someone who makes a habit out being late for every meeting or project. Take a look at the video below to see how she and Katherine Crowley recommend dealing with such a person.

Working with a Chronically Late Boss -- www.AskK2.com from K Squared on Vimeo.


Katherine Crowley, a Harvard trained psychotherapist, and Kathi Elster, a management consultant and executive coach, create the yin and yang of their company, K Squared Enterprises. Bestselling authors, educators, public speakers, executive coaches, and veteran consultants, Kathi and Katherine are seasoned guides in the area of professional fulfillment through self-awareness and self-management. Together they have written Working For You Isn't Working For Me, The Ultimate Guide To Managing Your Boss and the national bestseller, Working with You Is Killing Me: Freeing Yourself from Emotional Traps at Work.


My boss just hired a retired secretary to help out in our office for two days a week, but she's really not helpful. Her Microsoft Word and Excel skills are basic and I feel like I'm spending more time training her than getting my own work done. What can I do?


I'm a freelance writer and the client I just finished a project for hasn't paid me in over a month, and he's been dodging my calls. The article has been published. Should I cut my losses and think of it as a lesson learned or should I try to confront him in person? Suing him would cost more than I lost in payment. Are there any other options available to me?


Every time my friend and I go to a career fair or networking event, everyone seems to flock toward her before she's even opened her mouth, and it's not because of her looks. She's ordinary, really. Can that kind of magnetism be created or is it something you're just born with?


For my second interview, I've been invited to have lunch with two of the panel members who conducted my first interview. What should I do to prepare for this? Should I take a copy of my resume, my brag book?


Should I or shouldn't I put my picture on my resume?


I remember the first bad boss I ever had and the first great one. But at neither time did I have anyone available to give me the kind of helpful advice Kathi and Katherine provide in the following video:


Katherine Crowley, a Harvard trained psychotherapist, and Kathi Elster, a management consultant and executive coach, create the yin and yang of their company, K Squared Enterprises. Bestselling authors, educators, public speakers, executive coaches, and veteran consultants, Kathi and Katherine are seasoned guides in the area of professional fulfillment through self-awareness and self-management. Together they have written Working For You Isn't Working For Me, The Ultimate Guide To Managing Your Boss and the national bestseller, Working with You Is Killing Me: Freeing Yourself from Emotional Traps at Work.


When I temped for my current employer, everything was great. I had plenty of fun and interesting work to do, my own workspace, help whenever I needed it, and everyone was friendly and supportive. Since I became a full-time employee two weeks ago, all of that has changed. My workload - which is now mostly data entry and filing - has doubled, my workspace, which is one of the largest, is now being shared with a new temp, I practically have to make an appointment to get help and the friendliness and support are nowhere to be found. What's going on here? What should I do?


Can an employer be sexually harassed by an employee? One of my male direct reports, with whom I work very closely sometimes, has been making some very inappropriate comments lately. I've tried to subtly let him know that his behavior is unprofessional and unwanted to no avail. Is there a way to handle this BEFORE filing a complaint with HR or the EEOC? I'm afraid that if I file a complaint or fire him or even get him transferred out of my department, he might turn the tables on me and make me look like Demi Moore in "Disclosure" since I'm the boss and he's the employee.


When I recently interviewed for a new job, the interviewer asked, "Are you a morning person or an evening person?" This company only has one shift, daylight, so what difference does it make?


Times are tough, so I'm taking any kind of job I can get right now, but I haven't worked in retail in over 20 years. Should I put experience from so far back on my resume or in the cover letter?


If I was hired by a company where I interned, do I still need to list the internship separately on my resume; and where do internships go on a resume, in the Experience section or in the Education section?


The following video features a question that reminded me of Toby Dayton's article about The Ladders. Although the amount of money this candidate expected was less than one-third what job seekers who use The Ladders anticipate, the basic principle is the same: The interviewer quoted a specific salary, but when the candidate was set to start the job, he/she learned that the salary was a good bit less than what the interviewer had stated.


Handling False Advertising in Job Offers -- www.AskK2.com from K Squared on Vimeo.


Katherine Crowley, a Harvard trained psychotherapist, and Kathi Elster, a management consultant and executive coach, create the yin and yang of their company, K Squared Enterprises. Bestselling authors, educators, public speakers, executive coaches, and veteran consultants, Kathi and Katherine are seasoned guides in the area of professional fulfillment through self-awareness and self-management. Together they have written Working For You Isn't Working For Me, The Ultimate Guide To Managing Your Boss and the national bestseller, Working with You Is Killing Me: Freeing Yourself from Emotional Traps at Work.


We have a new hire who seemed like a dream come true during the interview phase and her 90-day trial period. Now, I'm not so sure. More than once I have brought projects to her that would not only expand her knowledge of the department and the company, but that would help her gain an understanding of what her coworkers in other areas of the department do, too. Her response each time was, "That's not in my job description." She actually has a written copy of it and uses it as proof. I've been lenient because she's new and I believe she's being counseled by someone else, but enough is enough. How can I tactfully let her know how seriously she's jeopardizing her job and her reputation by doing this?


I have an intern who's clearly way ahead of the other interns in the office and a lot of my regular employees, too, but he hides his brilliance. When I asked him why, he said because he's had past experiences where people shunned him because they thought he was showing off. Acceptance is clearly important to this young man, so how can I make him understand that hiding his brilliance just so he can fit in only hurts him and his career, especially in this era where "being a good cultural fit" outweighs knowledge and experience?


Our boss' birthday is coming up and we want to take her out to dinner to celebrate after work. The only problem is we don't know if she has any food allergies and we don't want to choose a restaurant that cooks with peanut oil if she's allergic to peanuts. What's the best way to find out if she has any food allergies without spoiling the surprise? She's pretty sharp so asking outright would get her wheels turning.


I recently interviewed a candidate who's stellar in every way, except one. She never once said please or thank you when she came in to interview for the position. She took the time to write a letter perfect - pardon the pun - thank you note afterward, but when she came for the interview, she didn't say please when she requested something to drink or thank you when she received it. When I gave her a brief tour of the department, she never thanked me when I held a door open for her. So, I'm wondering if I should hire her and give her a crash course on our company culture or if I should go with someone who's less talented but already has the good manners that are exhibited by the rest of my team. Is it wrong that I'm more concerned with how the rest of the team will receive her than I am with how well she'll be able to perform her job?


One of my coworkers was a victim of workplace violence. It wasn't anything serious, but our manager did shove him - in front of everybody - then told him to "get it together or get out." The employee in question accepted an offer from a company that had been pursuing him for the past month. The rest of us are left feeling uncertain. Should we all start looking for new jobs or should we tell our manager how we feel?


I'm a thirtysomething mid-career professional who's looking to make a change. Am I too old to job shadow in order to find out if the job I want is really right for me?


If I worked for several different temp agencies simultaneously, how would I list them on my resume?


How do I tailor my resume and cover letter to a government agency? Are there any special considerations that are different from the ones involved with applying for a civilian job?


My new job offer comes with a need for me to relocate to another country. I knew that relocation was a possibility when I interviewed, but I didn't know it meant possibly leaving the United States. Should I take the job anyway and wait for an opportunity to transfer back to the U.S. at a later time, or should I just decline the offer and keep looking?


What's the best way for me to let my manager know that the new intern I'm mentoring is not a good fit? He really raved about her when she accepted the internship, saying she's a real go-getter. All she does is complain, and the only questions she asks are when do we get a break, when do we go to lunch and when is this internship going to end?


Every year, one of our co-workers puts some sort of holiday-themed sweet on everyone's desk, i.e. candy hearts on Valentine's Day, chocolate shamrock lollypops on St. Patrick's Cay, etc. I would rather not receive these candies because I always give them away to someone else. Is there a tactful way to say "thanks, but no thanks?"


Would it be a bad career move for me to transfer to a job, within the same company, that is lower ranking and lower paying than my current position, even if the hours for the new job are more compatible with my personal needs?


Smokers seem to take more breaks than non-smokers. Would it be petty to bring this to our boss' attention?


What should I do if one of my coworkers violates the company's no-soliciting policy?


If my company doesn't offer paid maternity leave, should I take the full twelve weeks anyway or return to work as soon as I feel well enough?


I don't want to go to college, but my parents won't listen. How can I make them understand that the job I've been doing since I was 16 is the job for me? If I think I need to learn more, I can take a class here and there, but I don't want to go to college full time.


I want to get a part-time job to help pay for some of my college expenses. Should I just go to a grocery store or fast food restaurant, or would it be better to go to a temp agency?


I just got a new job and I want to get business cards. What should I put on them? Should I have a separate card for my freelance work?


A friend of mine told me my cover letter comes on too strong, like an infomercial. What can I do to sell myself without sounding like I'm selling myself?


I interviewed with someone who never cracked a smile from the moment he said hello until the moment he said, "we'll be in touch." All I got was a blank stare the whole time. Is this common? Is there any way to find out how I did?


Tom Tassinari.jpg

What specific policies should a company follow to avoid Interruptions or disruptions while interview is going on.? Please give me a comprehensive answer

Thank you for the question. There are a couple ways to interpret this question so I'll address both.

Phone Interview

During a phone interview, if you are conducting the interview, before starting ask the time the person has available without distraction to talk. If they give you enough time then proceed. If not ask to reschedule explaining that you would like a minimum amount of uninterrupted time to conduct the interview.

In-Person Interview

Our policy for interviews, in part to minimize distraction, is to conduct the interview in a separate room, like a conference room where there are no phones, loud speakers or other distractions.

The simple act of closing a door will often be enough to minimize distraction, but moving to a new location has prove to be the most effective course of action.

Of course, it is also appropriate to ask that cell phones and personal communication devices be turned off during the interview. This, too, is good policy for an interviewee as well.

Off Site Locations

If a separate office or conference room is not available, sometimes an off site location can work as well. Often times a local eating establishment will allow you to sit in a quiet location if you arrive after the peak serving hour and order a beverage or snack.

Finally if that is not an option, there are offices that can be rented by the hour. Many executive suites have day offices. If you schedule your interviews at one of these day offices and nobody, except a few people, know where you are, then there is a high likelihood that you will be left free from distraction to conduct your interviews.

Does anyone else have other thoughts to contribute to this issue?

After 20+ years as an engineer in the R&D world, Tom Tassinari found himself in the recruiting world. By adapting the problem solving and process discipline skills of engineering to the recruiting world, he now works with companies on locating and hiring top talent...with his own techie twist.


I own a small business and one of my biggest clients has been dubbed "Mr. Clickenbuzz" by my sales team because he has a habit of hanging up without saying good-bye and without making sure the call is really ended. A discussion with my whole team revealed that he reserves this dismissive behavior especially for my sales reps. This is one of the worst telephone etiquette offenses, and I really need to impress upon him how disrespected my sales team feels BEFORE someone makes the mistake of calling him "Mr. Clickenbuzz" to his face. Should I use a subtle approach to get my point across or should I be more straightforward?


A few friends and I participated in a wet T-shirt contest during Spring Break last year, and we only recently found out that the owner of the club that held the contest posted a picture of us on the club's Facebook page. What's worse is that he tagged us, using our full names and where we go to school and how we placed in the contest. We've been trying, futilely, to get him to remove the picture or at least remove the tags but he said he doesn't have to and that we shouldn't do wet T-shirt contests if we're so worried about our images. Is that true? How much of an impact could that picture have on our ability to find jobs with good companies after graduation?


The supervisor at my new job keeps offering to discuss "my role in the department" over lunch - something he's said to do with all new hires - but I've been putting him off. He hasn't said or done anything inappropriate, I just feel like it's wrong somehow, as if he may want to talk about more than just my job. Am I being paranoid, conceited or just silly?


One of our coworkers is allergic to certain types of flowers, a fact nobody knew until someone's husband sent her flowers for their anniversary. The allergic coworker ended up going home because she couldn't stop coughing and sneezing and her eyes kept watering. That was bad enough, but the fact that she has complained about it every day for the past month is starting to grate on everyone's nerves, especially the poor young woman who received the flowers. The fact that the allergic coworker phrases her complaints as if she were joking doesn't help. We know she's still holding a grudge. One person has already asked her "Can you play another tune now?" and the department manager sent around a memo about the dangers of flowers and fragrances in the workplace that we all had to sign. What will it take to make this woman to stop moaning and groaning about something that happened a month ago?!


The guy who's mentoring me during my internship always gets annoyed when I ask a lot of questions about new projects or skills he introduces. Frankly, I dread going in to work with him every day. I don't want to tell the supervisor because I don't want to get anybody in trouble, but I really hate working with this guy and the second semester of my internship just started. Am I too dumb for this job and don't know it or is he being insensitive?


Is it a conflict of interest or in any way unethical for me to request permission to have a vending machine I recently bought - in which I sell only healthy snacks like trail mix, granola bars and roasted nuts - placed in our company's break room? It's a small company of about 25 people.


I want to hire someone who is confined to a wheelchair, but the passages between cubicles are too narrow for the chair to fit. What is the best way to resolve this problem? I manage one department in a large corporation.


I rewrote the training manual, for new hires and interns in our department, to make it easier for them to understand. When I showed it to my boss, he said that wasn't in my job description and that I should go through "proper channels" before making any "fundamental changes to training materials or procedures." Could this be for real or is he just being a jerk?


I've been with the same company since I graduated from college. Now, I want to go into business for myself. Should I make a new year's resolution to get moving right away or should I just promise myself to, at least, take the necessary first steps?


What is the secret to having a successful career, and how will I know when I've gone as far as I can?


What are the first steps I need to take to prepare for re-entering the workforce after being out of it for several years?


What is the proper etiquette for an interview with a panel of interviewers?


Is it better to work for a small company or a large corporation? What are the pros and cons of each?


Some people say to leave graphics off of my resume, but others say I should put them on to make it stand out. Does it really matter either way?


Is an English degree really useful for anything other than a teaching career? What can I really do with it outside of a school setting?


What's the best way to answer the job interview question, "Why should I hire you?" without sounding arrogant?


One of my best employees left several months ago because she had a personality conflict with her supervisor. That supervisor found a great job somewhere else. Now I want my star performer back. Besides telling her that she will no longer have to work for her previous supervisor, what can I say to persuade her to return?


I think being a mystery shopper is fun! Is it possible to make a career out of it? If so, what do I need to know to make it happen?


I've been working as a systems analyst for most of my adult life because I've always been good with computers, but I find that I feel happiest and most fulfilled when I'm training interns and new hires. Should I consider changing careers or should I just enjoy those times when I get to conduct training classes?


Are sample resumes really helpful? The ones I've seen don't seem to match what professional resume writers say "the perfect resume" should look like.


I applied for an administraive assistant job through a temp agency's Web site, but when I went in to interview and test for THAT position, I was told that they don't have any jobs that meet my "skill set." When I mentioned the job I applied for online, they said, "Oh, you're not proficient enough in MS Word to qualify for that position." Why wasn't I told that in the first place when one of their recruiters called me to schedule an interview and testing? My MS Word proficiency is on my resume, so why didn't they already know I wasn't qualified? Is this just their way of getting people to come in and register with them so they can meet a daily quota or something? I feel like I was mislead.


I have a strong background in customer service and data entry, yet, when I uploaded my resume to an online job board, I started getting a ton of emails from recruiters with sales positions to fill. What's going on? Am I including information in my resume that I shouldn't or is this normal?


What's the most practical way to deal with a coworker who makes a habit of bumping into me, without excusing herself, any time we pass each other in the office? I know this is a deliberate act of aggression, but I also know this woman is going through a lot in her life. So, how can I let her know that I won't tolerate being treated this way without causing her lose her job or leaving my own? I like my job and my company.


Will financial aid pay for online training courses like medical transcription? If so, would I apply the same way I would if I were getting my training in a regular business school or college?


I was just diagnosed with a serious illness that's manageable, with medication. It's not contagious but it is something I'll have for life and that has some apparent symptoms. I know my boss needs to know but do I have to tell my coworkers?


With so many of them in the workforce, it's no surprise that Generation Y employees could soon find themselves moving from entry level job status to supervisory or management status. It's a pretty scary prospect, especially for someone who's been promoted without receiving any training in how to manage other people.

"Many companies simply move a 20-something employee into a management role, requiring leadership skills, but don't provide any leadership training, and this causes many young managers to struggle," said Orrell, speaker, professional leadership coach and author of the newly released, Millennials Into Leadership. "Lack of experience, lack of training, and (sometimes) lack of maturity, are not an ideal combination. Many young managers that I personally coach have little knowledge of even the most basic leadership principles, and this quickly affects their team's morale and productivity."

Managing others is both an art and a skill. Properly training someone before placing him in charge of a team, especially if some of them are much older, would be ideal. But for those who already find themselves leading teams without the benefit of prior training, there are numerous resources available to help them learn how to resolve conflicts, keep their teams motivated, and effectively conduct performance reviews.

Going from an entry level job to a supervisory or management position is a big step, but it's one that many Gen Y employees are eager to take. With proper guidance and training, they could become some of the best leaders their companies have ever had.


I hired one of my neighbors because she needed a job and had the qualifications I was looking for. BUT, she jumps at every chance to come to my office with a question that any one of my other team members could answer, then she stays and starts talking about personal stuff, the way we used to do on Saturdays when we were both working. I'm not the most tactful person in the world. Please, give me a tactful way to let my neighbor, who is also a personal friend, know that she's screwing up BIG TIME and that if she doesn't reign it in soon, I'm going to have to let her go, or my boss will and then he'll let me go, too, for making such a disastrous hiring choice.


What can I do if the person I have to buy a Secret Santa gift for is my least favorite person in the office?


Recently, our boss has been making us change desks once a month and he also has us do each other's jobs for one day every week; this is all done on rotation. When we asked him why, he said because it gave us a different perspective and that doing this has - over the past six months since he started - increased our productivity by about 10% and has reduced complaining and gossiping by about 90%. Could he be right or is he just telling us that so we'll keep doing what he says without complaining to the department manager?


One of my co-workers gives her all to her job every day. The way management repays her is by giving her even more work because they know she'll do it without complaining ... to them. She complains to everyone else and now she's so bitter she's taken to telling new employees not to work too hard because if they do, the only thanks they'll get is more work. What can I do to help make things better? Should I tell the new hires that she's just joking or should I tell her that if she's that unhappy maybe she should find a way to let the boss know?


Some of my new team members aren't Christians. What's the most respectful way to handle decorating the office?


Now that we're into the holiday season, I have steady work. Is there anything I can do to increase the likelihood that I'll be kept on after the holidays are over?


How can I find companies that are willing to accept freshmen interns? Or should I just wait until my sophomore year?


A former college classmate, who never had a nice thing to say to or about me, is looking for a job, and she wants to work for the same company I do. She "reached out" to me, hoping I might help her out. Another former classmate - someone my nemesis did like - also works for this company, in a different department. Here's my dilemma: Should I tell the former classmate-turned-coworker about my nemesis and her desire to work for our company, or should I keep my mouth shut and see how things play out? Honestly, I don't like that I'm in the same state with this woman; the idea of being in the same building is almost unbearable.


What can I do to show my team how much I appreciate them now that our company has cut out holiday bonuses this year? I want to do something fun that they'll hope for next year, even if cash bonuses are brought back.


What should I do if I notice that a coworker is taking home "perks" like Post-It notes, pens, and boxes of paper clips and staples?


We want to stage an intervention for our boss before he gets himself fired. The stress of his new responsibilities is clearly getting to him and our once-nice coworker is now the boss from Hades. How can we get him back to the way he was without making him feel like we're trying to undermine his authority?


I just found a great new job and I want to do the right thing and give my two-weeks' notice, but the last person who did that was publicly villified by our manager. Should I just keep quiet until I'm scheduled to start my new job or should I just do the right thing regardless of the consequences?


What's the nicest way to opt out of our office's holiday grab bag tradition?


How can I go back to school to get a master's degree when I'm still so deep in debt for my bachelor's degree? Will I really earn that much more money with that extra degree on my resume?


When is the right time to ask about benefits, work hours and vacations during the interview process?


If I stick with liberal arts as my major, will I be able to get a good job? My parents think I should choose something "more specific." Are they right?


I offered one of my star employees a supervisory position and he turned it down, saying he "doesn't want the responsibility." Is this normal? Could I be on the verge of losing one of my superstars to my competition, or is he just unambitious?


My mother hired a professional career coach - "and they're not cheap, let me tell you" - to help me find a job, but she's kind of a bully and never really listens to anything I say. Should I tell my mother or should I just try to make the best of a bad situation?


One of my friends is trying to get me to join the ROTC because he says it pays for college, but I don't want to join the military after I graduate. Are there better options for reducing my college debt?


What can I do if one of my references promised a good report, then gave a response that my potential employer called "ambiguous?"


For whatever reason, being nice has gotten a bad reputation in the business world. Many view nice people as weak and not respectable, while others think they're fake and untrustworthy. Conversely, being likable is seen as a good thing, even by those who openly admit that likability is something that can be taught. Whether someone comes across as being likable or nice to his coworkers and clients can actually have an effect on his ability to do his job.

"People who are successful at work are not nice, but they are absolutely likable," said Debra Yergen, author of Creating Job Security Resource Guide. "Likable people are professional, reliable and dependable. When someone has a reputation for being nice, rather than likable, colleagues may create unnecessary and sometimes unprofessional expectations of the person based on the fact that he is nice. Having solid boundaries alleviates inappropriate expectations, and actually sets up an entire department to function properly."

Continue reading "Will You Be More Successful If You're Likable or Nice?" »


How many times a year should I give my employees performance reviews? Are my younger staff members right in requesting monthly feedback sessions?


In this economy, what benefits could I really get from an unpaid internship, besides course credit?


One of my coworkers likes to listen to gospel music while she works. It's not very loud, but I'm an atheist and I believe that playing this kind of music at work violates the separation of church and state and my right to not believe in such things. Is there anything I can do to resolve this situation?


Is it right to report an employee who has come to work with obvious signs - coughing and sneezing - that he has a cold or the flu?


My employees want me to remove the block I have on soical media sites, but I'm afraid that if I allow them to access Twitter, Facebook or any other sites like those, it will hurt productivity. Am I being a "stuffed shirt" or do I have a legitimate concern?


My boyfriend and I each got an internship with the same company, and they offered him a job right after graduation. When I applied for a job there, I was told that I wasn't a "good fit." Although I found a job with a reputable, stable company, I'm not happy. I really enjoyed the work I did during my internship, I liked the environment and got along well - I thought - with my fellow interns (not my boyfriend; he worked in a completely different part of the building) and the regular employees. How can I discover what I need to do to be considered a "good fit" for this company ... study my boyfriend? Or should I just let it go and try find a way to be happy where I am?


A client with the temp agency I work for asked me to come and work for her behind the agency's back, so she can avoid paying their fee, and I did. I work for her on an as-needed basis and get paid with a check at the end of each day that I work, unless she needs me to work on consecutive days, then I get paid on the last day that I work. I know this is unethical - maybe even illegal - but I need the money and the temp agency hasn't been providing me with any jobs that match my skill set. When I told my roommate about it, she said, "Give yourself a break. You can always quit once the agency finds you another assignment and vow never to do it again - and mean it. Right now, it's all about survival." Is she right? Should I follow her advice or follow my conscience?


A long-time salesclerk in our department store was recently promoted to buyer, even though she doesn't have the prerequisite bachelor's degree - in any major - that management requires. Some hopefuls who got passed over feel resentful and betrayed. How can I impress upon them that

a) in this young woman's case, the experience she gained from working with the store since she was 16 trumped her lack of a degree and
b) even though she was promoted without one, part of her promotion agreement included going to college to get her bachelor's degree, which they will reimburse her for if she majors in something that's related to her career in retail?

Can these disgruntled employees sue the company for going against it's own policy?


My friend has been trying to find a job since we graduated in May of this year, and she can't seem to understand how I was able to find a job within two weeks - I have great connections - and she hasn't been able to get past the first round interviews in almost six months of trying. I feel for her and want to tell her about a job that just came available where I work but, quite frankly, she's like Eeyore. I know this company prefers to hire people with more Tigger-like personalities. How can I make her see that she needs to be more positive? Would it help if I told her it could help her land the job that opened up where I work?


One of our team members barely puts in any effort when our boss assigns us projects, but he reaps the same rewards because the boss evaluates us as a group instead of individually. One team member suggested creating a chart that could be used to record each person's contribution to the next project, then take it to our boss with any other data or summaries that we would normally turn in. Now, no one has ever actually confronted this guy about his lack of participation, but we've all complained about him behind his back. Slipping a chart to the boss seems underhanded and unfair when we've never even bothered to tell our slacking team mate how we feel. What should I do?


When I told my mother that I turned down a job offer because the employer offered much less money than I had been hoping for, she told me I should have taken the job anyway, busted my butt during the thre-month trial period, then negotiated for a higher salary at the time of my review because having a low-paying job is better than no job at all. Who's right, her or me?


I've been assigned the task of creating an internship program for our company, but I don't know where to begin. Since our company has never had an internship program before, I'm unsure where to go for the information I need. Can you suggest some reliable sources?


What's the best way to handle an employee who asks "what's in it for me?" when invited to participate in fun, work-related tasks, like a contest to see who can come up with the best tagline for our company? The only reward is to have the winner's name appear alongside the tagline, which will be on the company's home page. In fact, any task that ventures outside his job description is met with "what's in it for me if I do this?" Is he right or are we being stingy?


What's the best site for finding freelance customer service jobs?


How can I make the presentation I have to give at our next meeting interesting and interactive without going too far?


I've been offered a manager position at one of our company's branch locations, but I'm afraid I won't be able to handle it. How can I know if I really have what it takes to be a good manager?


Our company recently "merged" with one of its larger competitors. The new CEO said no changes would be made in our company's staff - meaning no one would be laid off - but gradually over the past few months, jobs have been "consolidated" and employees from our company have been demoted to support staff (if they didn't quit) for the people brought in from the larger company. Now my department is coming under fire. Should I cut my losses and start looking for another job or should I just suck it up and deal if I end up getting demoted, too?


Do temps have any rights when it comes to being misled or mistreated by client companies or employers?


Should I be wary of a temporary employment agency that doesn't test my skills before matching me with positions in my presumed skill set?


How competitive can I be if I have a degree from an online university?


What are some things I need to consider when negotiating a freelance contract with a client?


Why does my boss make a public announcement about what we, as a group, shouldn't be doing when only one or two people are breaking the rules (and we all know who they are)? Why can't she just pull those people aside?


I feel like what I'm doing at my internship is over my head. Is there any way for me to save my internship and still get assignments that are on my skill level?


I think it would be nice to start my own business, but I need to know where to begin. What should I do first?


How accurate are personality tests for choosing the best career field?


There's a petition going around our office in favor of having access to social media. I refused to sign it because I think it would do more harm than good. Now my team is giving me a hard time to express their displeasure. How can I get them back on track without being too hard on them?


Shortly after my relationship with a company executive ended, I was let go. Because the company has been struggling, HR told me there was nothing I could do to prove there's a connection between the breakup and my firing. Is that true?


One of the members of our team talks incessantly and some of the other members want him to be transferred - others have threatened violence. How can I make him aware of how his incessant chatter is affecting others without hurting his feelings?


My boss just sent a memo that everyone has to be back from lunch by 2 p.m. That's what time I usually take my lunch break, so I can avoid the crowds. What difference does the time we go lunch really make?


Is there such a thing as a perfect resume format?


When's the right time to approach my boss for a raise, one year, two years? And should I bring anything with me, besides great sales pitch, when we meet in his office?


How do I get started networking online so late in my career?


I've repeatedly asked my call center team to take their breaks in the kitchen area or somewhere else that's off the floor, but they continue to take breaks at their desks - which I've told them indicates that they're available to take calls and do other work - and to stop visiting with other employees who are trying to work. How can I get them to respect my authority without coming off as a bully?


I'm a small business owner having some trouble staffing my company because so few candidates fit my idea of the "perfect" employee. Should I relax my dress code standards and allow star candidates to wear "the baggy look" (oversized pants and shirts) as long as their clothes are otherwise appropriate business casual attire?


Should I remove my eyebrow ring and diamond nose stud before going on my next interview?


When I went to the HR department to give my two weeks' notice, after finding another job that's better suited to my needs, I was let go immediately - "it's company policy." If that's legal, why do so many people stress the importance of giving an employer two weeks' notice?


One of our co-workers is getting married and we want to pitch in and buy her a gift. Some want to ask her where she's registered and others want the gift to be a surprise. Which idea is better?


I spilled coffee on the carpet in my cubicle yesterday and when I went to clean it up with some paper towels from the ladies' room, the guy in the next cubicle told me we're not allowed to do that, then he showed me how to call in a work order for a janitor to come in and clean it for me. I spent two hours working around that coffee stain until someone came by to clean up a spill that I could have cleaned myself in five minutes. Why?


Our boss has given her permission for us to listen to music over the office PA system. We elected two co-workers to be in charge of providing it each day. The only problem is that our office is mostly people 35 and younger, and they voted for a lot of rap and rock music that we outnumbered older folks just can't take. We believe in democracy, but this seems to be one of those times when it just doesn't work. The boss has already bowed out saying, "It was your idea. You wanted it, you work it out. If you can't, we'll just keep on with no music at all." How can we get our younger co-workers to compromise?


How can I find the best possible Web developer to help me build a Web site for my startup? Are there cerain "must-haves" that I should be sure are included?


Are there general criteria for someone to meet in order to become a college professor? And do I need several years of experience in the field first?


How often should I give my employees raises? And if I use a merit system, how do I explain it to those who don't receive them, without destroying their morale?


Are there ways to stay competitive in my career field without going back to college?


Is it okay to include a business card with my resume and cover letter?


Our boss just introduced a "peer review" system where we rate each others' performance. Although he hasn't said that it could affect our employment status, should we be concerned? Is there anything we can do to protect ourselves against being fired if we get negative "peer reviews?"


What's the best way to prepare my team for a new hire who's blind and will be accompanied every day by a guide dog?


Should I give our new interns feedback as a group or individually? And what should I do if one of them just isn't working out?


Should my brag book be an actual book that I can take with me to interviews, or should I only have one online?


What's the best way for a team leader to handle someone who constantly interrupts and tries to take over every group discussion?


How can I tell our new intern that her clothes, which are technically business casual, are clearly too close fitting and inappropriate for the workplace, without hurting her self-steem?


What's the best way to approach my boss about tuition re-imbursement? Can I still get it if my company doesn't already have an established program?


How can I let a gossipy coworker, who I happen to like in spite of her gossiping, know that I'm not interested in listening to her "updates" without hurting her feelings?


I allow one of my employees to take extra long lunches in order to take a class; she compensates by skipping her 15-minute breaks and coming in 30 minutes early. The other members of my team only seem to notice that she's taking extra long lunches and are beginning to complain. Do I need to tell them all the details of our arrangement in order to get them to stop complaining or is there something else I can do?


I'm in charge of event planning in our company. One of the department managers ALWAYS waits until the last minute to give me the information I need to reserve venues and equipment, then she gets angry with me when she's unable to have a certain venue or get certain pieces of equipment that she "must have!" How can I get her to let me know what she needs sooner, without going over her head?


One of my clients repeatedly makes passes at my secretary when he comes into the office. I've tried lunch or dinner meetings instead, but there are certain materials that can only be accessed in the office. My secretary never complains, but she's visibly relieved when he leaves. How can I get him to back off without losing his business? And is it really worth it? I value my secretary more.


What are some things I can do to save money on college expenses? I have already applied for FAFSA and scholarships and other financial aid; I want to know what I can do to save on the overall cost, please.


I just got hired to work for a company that requires its sales associates to be "open to a little traveling now and then." What I didn't know is that a "little traveling" meant two or three trips overseas for anywhere from 3-12 weeks at a time. When I asked about this during the interview, the hiring manager actually said, "Oh, you'll only be required to travel two or three times a year ... on average." (a technically true statement) He said that some years I wouldn't have to travel at all, so I thought it would be all right. Now, I feel duped and stupid. Is there any way that I can fix this without going out to look for another job? I don't like the idea of being away from my family for two or three months at one time.


I work in a hospital that is a little short staffed, so occasionally someone needs to work double shifts to cover for co-workers who call off or go on vacation. Lately, it seems as if I'm the only one working double shifts. I'm single and don't have any children so any time our supervisor asks for someone to volunteer to work a double shift, I step up if no one else does. After six months of this, I'm starting to feel resentful. Should I just start looking for another job or have a heart-to-heart with my supervisor first?


I have two employees who argue with each other constantly, yet the nature of their jobs requires that they work together sometimes. What can I do to resolve this?


My company offers a telecommuting option and I'd like to try it. What do I need to know about working from home that will help me make a successful go of it?


The following comes from the comments section of the Internship Experts blog, in response to the article Student Lands NFL Internship After Being Rejected. ca

I left my job at the one of the largest resorts in the country where I'd worked for 8 years, in order to go back to school full-time to earn my bachelor's degree. I had hit a wall in my career path, and decided that this was the best investment I could make. There is one very large frustration for me currently: I am earning a Restaurant & Food Service Management degree (in which I am an honors student), and I am required to do 3 semesters of co-op in anything that is hospitality related, yet any previous experience does not count. I feel that I have to compete with inexperienced students for something I already have (experience in my field of study), and the fact that I am at a different stage in my life (I am a mother in my 40's, I have a family with small children, and my schedule is not as free as most of the other students), and given the current economic conditions, the "over-qualification" bias I have been experiencing in trying to find a part-time job with flexible day hours to satisfy the co-op requirements (I was turned down for a job at my own campus as a CASHIER) [is daunting]. I see all these kids around me getting their degrees and hitting the professional market well before me.

The internship/co-op department at my school assures me that if I don't find something by the time I finish my courses (the end of next year), I [may] still be able to apply for a professional position with a degree-in-progress. Is this sound advisement? I am skeptical - and angry - that my past years of experience are so easily dismissed in such a program.

Thank you,
Mrs. Malee Holland


I want to get my master's degree because it will make me more valuable to my company and help me advance further in my career, but the company has discontinued the tuition re-imbursement program. Are there other alternatives or should I wait until the economy gets better? I can apply for scholarships but everyone knows they're a crap shoot, so I don't want to rely solely on that option.


I've been working - off and on - for thirty plus years and have had a lot of jobs. If I use a standard chronological resume, how far back should I go when listing my work experience, and can I list skills that I learned on the first job I had as a teenager?


I'm fortysomething and my twentysomething new boss is clueless about how things work in our department but he won't ask anyone for help. How can I help him out without creating the impression that I'm trying to "mother" him or, worse, tell him what to do?


Is it safe for me to invest in my company's 401(k) plan?


I built a Web site for my new company and assigned my admin assistant the task of writing the company profile; she plagiarized the profile of one of my rivals. Fortunately, I found someone who was able to rewrite the profile before the site went live. How can I make my assistant understand the seriousness of what she did without hurting her self-esteem. I don't want something like this to happen again, but I also don't want to lose an otherwise great assistant.


I was recently hired to work as a customer service representative for a cab company. On my first day, they told me I had to join the union. Do I have to join? Could they have legally fire me if I'd refused?


When I interviewed for a job in a department store recently, I and several other candidates were given a psychological test. Why would someone need a psyche test to work in a department store?


I'm preparing to interview for a job that would require that I relocate to another state. Should I bring up relocation concerns now or wait to see whether I get a second interview or job offer?


I found a university that will accept the credits I earned in community college. Is there anything else I need to know about transferring to a major university?


Is there any way to know if I was rejected for a job because I wasn't the best candidate, and not because I wore a hijab - a Muslim woman's head scarf - to the interview?


When I went to apply for a job with the post office, we were told to list any past arrests or convictions because no criminal record is ever really expunged and they'll find it. Is that true?


I learned that I'm pregnant and got my dream job on the same day. Now I'm afraid that if I tell my new boss about my pregnancy he'll take back the job offer. When's the best time to let him know?


Our new temp keeps to himself and doesn't talk much and a lot of people think he's a snob, and they want someone different to be brought in. He's a great worker and seems like a decent guy so I'm reluctant to let him go. How can I get him to try to open up more AND get my regular team members to be a little more tolerant?


Is it wrong to ask employees to pay $1, which goes into the petty cash we use to pay for office parties, etc., for the privilege of wearing jeans on Fridays? This is a department-wide policy, not a company one.


Which social media Web site is the best for connecting with the kind of highly motivated, go-getting candidates that I want working for my company?


Some people from our company were laid off recently and we're all feeling a little bummed about it. What can I do to lift the spirits of the remaining members of my team?


Is it true that a woman who crosses her legs during an interview could come across as being "flirty?" What if the interviewer is another woman?


My friend wants me to quit my job and help him run his new business. How can I tell him that being an entrepreneur isn't really my thing, without hurting his feelings or our friendship? He's convinced I'll love it as much as he does.


The company where I'm interning has offered me a full-time position, but I'm only a junior in college? Should I try to find a way to take the job and stay in school or should I just quit school and take the job? Are there better options?


Some people have told me that I need to prepare the perfect elevator pitch for my upcoming interview because it's a great way to answer "tell me a little about yourself." What is the perfect elevator pitch? How long should it be ... 30 seconds or one sentence?


I received an invitation to attend a job fair that will be hosted by alma mater, but I've heard from friends that they're pointless wastes of time. Is that true? If I go, should I take a resume or business cards (my dad had some made for me as a graduation present)?


I'll be starting college in the fall, majoring in Liberal Arts, but I'm still not sure what I want to do. A lot of people are saying I should stay with Liberal Arts because it makes me valuable to more companies, but others are telling me to find something I really love and focus on that because people who specialize in one particular area are more valuable. Who's right?


When I applied to get a second job, my current employer gave a negative reference, even though he has been telling me that I'm doing well. I got the job, anyway, because the employer is someone I had worked with before. He said if he didn't already know me and my work habits, he probably would have hesitated to hire me; he said I should sue my current employer for giving a false negative reference, but I don't want to do this. I still like my job, and I think my boss gave the negative reference because he thought I was trying to leave the company "on the sly." What can I do? What should I do?


I let an employee go when she told me that she "just couldn't be nice" to the coworker I assigned her to collaborate with on a project because the woman was "too boring and talked too much about nothing." When I told her that refusing to try to work amicably with someone else was the same as saying, "I quit," she told me that I was really firing her and that she would sue me. Does she really have a case? Was I wrong to let her go? She's the only person who seemed to have any complaints about this so-called "boring" employee.


The most commonly known causes of employee turnover are typically poor communications by management and favoritism. Year after year these rarely change.

In response to this issue we beg companies to focus on the communication styles of your management staff. If you consider the investment made in each hire your company makes and then take those dollars and put them in the hands of incompetent managers, what exactly do you expect your return to be?

Continue reading "Communication Tops the List of Ways to Retain Great Employees" »


Is it okay to serve wine at a retirement party for a colleague if it's held after business hours? Is there anything I should know about the legalities of this?


I'm expanding my business and need to hire a few people to help. What interview tips can you give to help me make sure that I hire people who will be as patient, kind and understanding with my clients as I am?


I got a promotion that one of my colleagues believes should have gone to him. He'll be reporting to me directly from now on and I want to be able to keep the office peaceful. What can I do to make this happen?


I just saw an internal ad for a technical writer position on the company bulletin board and I'd really like to apply for it, except I don't have any experience or education for that type of writing. How can I show the person in charge of the department that I'm right for the job even though I don't have any experience?


My boss made me the team leader on a current project, but everyone keeps asking the person I elected as my second in command the questions that they should be asking me. What am I doing wrong and how can I make things right without having to enlist my boss' aid? I want her to have confidence in my abilities as a leader.


As we moved into the 21st Century, retention of employees became a top priority. Now that we are in the midst of an economic downturn, Retention is even more important.

Why? Several reasons, both for now and the future, come up.

It has been easy for companies to find excellent talent to fill open slots today. Here they are, but what will keep them from being lured away by recruiters and great opportunities as the economy gets better, which it will? We just don't know when, so preparing now is crucial.

There is much talk now of the new word onboarding. Onboarding is the process of acquiring, accommodating, assimilating and accelerating new employees and team members, whether they come from outside or inside an organization.

This process of bringing new hires into a company, system, culture, or methodology is creating new thought. Books are being written on the subject. The book, The First 90 Days, by Michael Watkins came forth in 2003, and that was the beginning.

Continue reading "Retention - The Number One Issue Facing Companies Today" »


It's been three months since I started looking for a job, and I'm seriously considering trying one of those online freelance sites. Is there a way to know which freelance job postings are legitimate and which ones are scams?


If my resume isn't getting me any interviews, should I hire a resume writer?


What should I do if my friend comes to work still hungover from partying the night before - in the middle of the week?


Can I negotiate salary for an internship?


Is it illegal to deny someone a job because he's overqualified; and if I "tone down" my qualifications to get a job, could that work against me?


The following question was posted in the comments section of the article, Finding the Right Mentor, by Jon H of JoinTagNow.com:

When you are struggling to find a mentor, what do you do?


Which is better for somebody who has no work experience, a functional resume or a chronological one?


Can a conviction that I got as a teenager, for unpaid traffic tickets, jeopardize my chances of getting a job?


We just got a new sales supervisor, twentysomething and very bright, but whenever one of our older coworkers goes to her for help - with anything - she talks to them like they're idiots or she totally blows them off or she takes over and does the work herself. How can I tell her she's being a jerk without looking like one myself?


I just started my summer internship two weeks ago and I'm already boredout of my mind. How can I ask for more challenging work without coming across as a complainer?


My recruiter told me not to send thank you notes to interviewers by email because it makes me look like I don't care and tarnishes my personal brand. Is that true? Doesn't the fact that I took the time to write a thank you letter at all show that I care and want the job?


I've been offered a job by an American with offices in Europe and Asia, and I've been assigned a position in one of their European offices. What do I need to know about relocating to another country for work?


When I told an older friend that I had to get a job, in addition to my full-time internship - to pay the rent until my roommates return in the fall - he said that moonlighting is illegal. Is that true?


My company has to cut costs and has begun asking people to volunteer for reduced hours. I'd like to help them out, but I can't afford to lose my health insurance. What's the least number of hours I can work without losing my benefits?


Why do I have to authorize a credit check when I won't be working with any money or accessing client accounts?


An old friend of mine asked me if I had any work for his son in my small graphic design business. I do have a job his son could do, but I've heard he's been in some trouble. Should I do a background check? I don't want to offend my friend, but I don't want to jeopardize my business either.


I'm twenty and I just got promoted to supervisor in the call center where I work; some of my coworkers are 10, 20, or 30 years older than I am. How can I get them to respect me and cooperate with me as the leader of our team?


How do I prepare for a behavioral interview?


I'll be starting college in the fall; what can I do to establish my personal brand once I get there? Can I start now, and how would I go about doing it?


My boss often uses very personal references when he explains things to me. For example, he gave an explanation of a surplus this way: "If I ask you for one kiss and you give me two, I have a surplus of one kiss." Is that sexual harassment? Is there a way to make it stop without losing my job or looking like a tattle tale?


I have a small retail business that's growing fast, but how can I get the help I need when I still can't afford to pay anyone?


Can my company really attract more qualified candidates by creating a Facebook page? How so?


How can I hire the best candidates when company cutbacks prevent me from offering the best salary?


I've just been offered the job of my dreams, but it pays less and has a less attractive health plan than my current employer. Should I take the job anyway and hope that things improve when the economy bounces back or should I play it safe and stay where I am?


I just graduated from college, but haven't found a job, yet. Will I ruin my chances by working as a temp?


If I don't hear from an employer within two weeks after the interview, should I assume that I didn't get the job?


If I'm required to relocate for a job, should relocation assistance be discussed during the interview or after the job has been offered?


If I wear slacks and a blouse to a job interview, instead of a skirt or dress, will I hurt my chances of getting the job?


I'm a job hopper who want to settle down; how should I write my resume to convey my desire for stability to potential employers?


I just graduated from high school and have started applying for my first job. How do I write a resume?

As an executive recruiter, I see large numbers of resumes and speak to companies daily. There are many job opportunities, but fewer than in recent years and with a larger pool of qualified candidates. Thus, the time spent to secure a new role can easily go beyond 6 months.

Now is the time to consider and evaluate three strategies. First, if you decide to enter the workforce, take full advantage of all available tools. The career center is usually an under utilized resource on the college campus. This is a fantastic place to begin the process.

If you are out of school, the career office is still a valuable resource. They are usually happy to assist alums in their efforts. They can also facilitate connecting with alums in your community and/or area of interest.

Continue reading "College students/recent grads, build on your education during this challenging job market" »


This has become one of the major questions for graduating seniors to answer and when I think about the individual who is faced with this question, I believe you need to first think about the question, "what do I want to do when I grow up?" Here is why - graduate school can be an outstanding path for an individual, not only because it further develops and prepares you for the work world, but it allows you to bide your time for a 1 to 3 year stint away from this economy and its discouraging employment outlook. Let's be honest, a few years from now, we can safely assume you will be graduating with a post-graduate degree in what most believe will be a much better economic climate, so certainly your odds of landing a job are going to increase. It just seems logical, right?

Prior to jumping into grad school, let's consider a few things.

What are you going to graduate school for?

And what do you expect from it?

If you are thinking of law, engineering or perhaps a MS in a specific field in business, such as accounting or finance, I say grad school is a very reasonable option. I say these fields specifically because they relate to a definite end result for which a graduate degree will without doubt better prepare you and in some cases, they are an absolute necessity. For example, if you desire to become a lawyer, unless you are Abe Lincoln, you will be required to go to law school.

Continue reading "Is Continuing on to Graduate School a Good Idea?" »


Will sites like CareerScribe and VisualCV one day replace the traditional resume? Please explain why or why not.


How important is it for college students or recent graduates to have experience studying or working in a foreign country?


Given the state of the economy, is it a good idea to negotiate salary? If so, when's the right time to do so?


Will getting a master's degree automatically qualify me for a higher salary?


Will staying in school or returning to school to get a master's degree improve my chances of getting a job?




Question:

I am interning as a cashier for a well known grocery chain. I want to stand out and look good to my superiors. I have good people skills and was thinking about conducting a survey to find out what our customers like and what we can improve upon. Do you have any suggestions?

First Answer:

You have a great idea, but you absolutely must think it through and then propose it to your supervisors in a way that doesn't threaten them.

Absolutely do not implement any ideas that fall outside the realm of your written job description without written permission from the appropriate party within the chain - which in the case of the survey idea is a senior marketing staff member at the corporate level. There are many considerations in designing customer surveys, such as customer privacy, validity and relevance of data, and potential impacts of conducting the survey in the first place.

But keep on brainstorming and sharing your ideas with your bosses. Meanwhile, focus on serving your customers with speed, accuracy, and friendliness, and working effectively with your colleagues.

-- Tracy Laswell Williams, certified job and career transition coach, accredited resume writer and founder of CAREER-Magic.com

Second Answer:

Being enthusiastic, motivated and creative are great ways of showing your value to a new employer. It's prudent, however, to clear these initiatives with a superior so that they are aware of what is happening and can guide you on the best way to handle surveys in order to maintain the good customer impressions.

You may want to inquire as to whether there are any customer opinion feedback forms the company uses. If there are none, ask if you might draft one for your boss's consideration. Remember, your main function is to offer great customer service as a cashier. If you're doing that, you're impressing not only your superiors but also the customers and everyone is already quite happy.

May all your Entrances be through the doors of success!

-- Yvonne LaRose, career and professional development coach, Career and Executive Recruiting Advice









Question:

I am a graduate student in a good computer information services program. I earned a 100 percent scholarship for my $9,000 per semester fees. I just received a job offer from a four year old dot com company. They have a good business model and seem to be doing well. The job is ideal but they're offering slightly below market salaries and expect me to work 50 to 60 hours per week, including Saturdays. I'm two semesters away from graduation and if I stay should be able to land a better job, but I don't know if I'll be able to do so. If I take the job, I could complete my studies but at a slower rate. Should I stay in school or take the more sure thing?

First Answer:

If I were in your position, I'd pass on this particular offer, since it seems to have serious potential to derail your final two semesters. You might propose a half-time position (and firmly limit it to 25 hours per week), or simply choose to stay in touch with them as you finish up your studies.

-- Tracy Laswell Williams, certified job and career transition coach, accredited resume writer and founder of CAREER-Magic.com

Second Answer:

My hunch is that your excellent qualifications will enable you to get a better job upon graduation. If you were closer to graduation, and the job paid below market value, I'd say maybe go for it. Or if you were still two semesters away and job paid better, I might give the same advice, But with BOTH factors working against you, plus the demand for long hours of work, I think you can do better. And we can always hope that the economy will be that much better by the time you graduate.

-- Katharine Hansen, former speechwriter and college instructor who provides content for the Web site, Quintessential Careers, edits QuintZine, an electronic newsletter for jobseekers, and prepares job-search correspondence as chief writer for Quintessential Resumes and Cover Letters

Third Answer:

I hesitate to give you a direct yes or no answer to this question because I don't know your true financial situation. However, my assumption is that with a 100% scholarship and just two semesters from graduation, you'd be better off staying in school and completing your degree. 'm also assuming that a high grade point average is important for you to keep your scholarship, too. If your prospective employer expects you to work long hours and weekends, you will be diverted from your studies. A dot com, especially a "young one," is also a risky bet. They may prosper, but if so, they will be hiring even more people in the future. Your completed degree will be yet another asset. My sense is that if you can get along without this job, you should follow your "plan A" and stay in school.

-- Alison Blackman Dunham, life & career expert, columnist, personal public relations consultant, half of THE ADVICE SISTERSĀ®, and the author of the ASK ALISON career advice column

Fourth Answer:

Congratulations on your job offer--your credentials and work ethic are certainly paying off. However, like much of of the business world, this decision isn't an either/or for you--there's no black or white answer here. What you should do before making a decision is ask yourself a few key questions:

  1. What effect will this new position have on your long term career goals? Is it a good stepping stone? Will it give you the experience you need en route to your long-term goals? As your first position out of graduate school, you don't want to take it just to take it--you want to make sure it's the right thing.
  2. What is your financial situation? You mentioned you received a full scholarship, but how is your financial situation otherwise? Do you have other debt? Are you looking to save money to buy a house? Will having this job now enable you to better meet your financial goals? Will going at a slower pace in school affect your scholarship situation? (Some scholarships may require you to go full time).
  3. Is there a work commitment to the company required? Unless you are signing an agreement to stay at the company a certain amount of time, it could be a good opportunity to get experience while looking for another role in the next year or so.
  4. How will working affect your schoolwork? Some graduate students like working and going to school simultaneously because they can immediately apply what they've learned. Others have difficulty balancing both and ultimately find their personal, work or school life suffers.
  5. Is there an opportunity to negotiate? Can you try to compromise with the company on hours or salary?

Remember, just because you take the job doesn't mean you can't keep looking elsewhere or that you've shut yourself out of the market. Just make sure if you do take it, you've assessed its impact on your life as a whole. Good luck!

-- Susan Strayer, Assistant Director, Career Services, School of Professional Studies in Business and Education at the Johns Hopkins University and founder and President of University and Career Decisions

Fifth Answer:

While this is a very personal decision - depending on your circumstances - it is always a better bet to complete your education. And, in your scholarship is paying for it. I know it is tempting to go for the immediate gratification but in the long run you may regret the decision. Having that degree will open more doors than your experience with a company that may or may not make it.

Remember, you are only in school for a relatively short period of time. You will be working the rest of your life!

-- Carole Martin, The Interview Coach

Sixth Answer:

One of the things you mention about this new company is that it is about four years old. Take into consideration that our New Millennium Depression started around the end of 1999 and we are only now slowly emerging from it. A company that has survived this period and is not only still making a profit but in a hiring mode could be a good option. You would be wise to check the financial standing of the company as you do further research about it. In that way, you'll be better informed and better able to make a good decision.

You seem to object to the fact that the company's work week consists of 50-60 hours, including weekends. These hours are typical of I.T. departments and firms. Perhaps I.T. is not the field you're looking for.

No matter whether you choose to stay in school or go to work immediately, the research and the decision are up to you and must be yours. No outsider knows your personal situation and variables better than you. In this case, let me suggest you try using a graphic (that is, hand written) decision tree so that you cognitively map out your options, their positives and negatives, compared with one another. Once you see these in perspective, your choice may be more clear for you.

May all your Entrances be through the doors of success!

-- Yvonne LaRose, career and professional development coach, Career and Executive Recruiting Advice









Question:

First Answer:

Signing bonuses vary from company to company and there is not standard policy. It is up the the company. I would not call it a "dirty trick" but be aware that you will probably be asked to sign a contract that states that you will work for this company for a certain amount of time. If you breach that contract, all or part of the sigining bonus would have to be paid back. As to when you would get the signing bonus, that can also very from company to company. Some will give it all do you in the beginning. Some will give you part in the beginning and the rest at a later time. When you commit to a signing bonus, be sure that this is a job that you want to stay in for whatever the bonus period covers. It is really only smart business for a company that pays a signing bonus to protect themselves from someone getting the bonus and then leaving after a short period of time.

-- Linda Wyatt, Career Center Director, Kansas City Kansas Community College

Second Answer:

I could be old-fashioned, but negotiating financial aspects of employment, such as a sign-on bonus, are best when discussed in-person or over the phone. Email is a wonderful tool, but it doesn't offer the same affect as speaking and negotiating with someone on a personal, professional level.

You and the hiring manager are the only persons who can determine if you're worthy of a sign-on bonus. The amount of a sign-on bonus can range from 20% up to 200% of the base salary (more for executive-level positions), depending on the industry. To determine the right amount for you, think about the expenses you'll incur for changing employers, such as relocation and cost-of-living difference. Let the hiring manager provide you with an amount, take 1-2 days to think about it, and determine if renegotiations are in order or if the initial offering is fair.

Sign-on bonuses are connected to the amount of time you plan to commit, and the amount revolves around the prospected base salary and the company itself. Sizable bonuses are typically reserved for high-profile positions, along with positions that are difficult to fill, such as nurses. Bonuses woe individuals who are employed with other companies to consider changing positions. After all, the old adage "everything is for sale, but at the right price" falls true when trying to obtain candidates for particular positions.

As with any agreement, especially when $$'s are involved, it's best to get the details of your hiring package in writing. A big concern is the scope of the position presented by the company versus the actual duties once employed. One of the biggest complaints I hear from my clients is that they have a difficult time fulfilling their commitments once employed because the business misrepresented the position during the "dating period." Ensure that you have a full comprehension of the company, along with the proposed needs of the department, so there are no surprises during your 2-year tenure.

-- Teena Rose, a certified and published rƩsumƩ writer and career specialist with RƩsumƩ to Referral

Third Answer:

First, congratulations on your offer. Negotiating an offer can be tough, but rewarding in the end. Keep in mind that anything is negotiable--including a hiring bonus so kudos to you for asking. That said, there is no guarantee that you will be successful in the negotiation or a specific amount you should or will receive. Organizations typically budget for a position so your negotiation leverage will be limited to some extent. For example, if you were offered $40,000, the organization may have budgeted between $38,000 and $45,000 for the position. Any salary increase they give you will likely come from the department's budget. Signing bonuses however often come from the HR budget, so whether or not you receive one may depend on how much of a budget they have left for such bonuses.

It's also a better idea to negotiate for a higher salary than a signing bonus. A signing bonus is a one-time payment (subject to full taxes just like your salary) while if you negotiate a salary increase, you'll receive that for years to come. Since you've already asked for a bonus however, there are a few things to keep in mind.

  1. You will likely receive the signing bonus upon acceptance of the offer, a few days after or on your first full day of employment (organizations differ here). Full taxes will be taken out, so estimate the bonus to be about 38-44% less when you actually receive the check.
  2. Keep in mind that making any promises as a condition of employment is risky. For example, committing to work for the organization for two could be construed as a verbal contract. What happens if you're there for a year and become very unhappy? The organization could force you to stay.
  3. Regardless of the outcome, always ask to see the complete offer and conditions of employment in writing. If there are conditions such as length of time in role, or signing a non-compete agreement, it is always a good idea to have an employment attorney review the offer before you formally accept it.

-- Susan Strayer, Assistant Director, Career Services, School of Professional Studies in Business and Education at the Johns Hopkins University and founder and President of University and Career Decisions

Fourth Answer:

Whenever you negotiate a salary you risk that the offer could be withdrawn. That said, you never know what you can get until you ask for it. I like the expression, "The answer is always, 'NO' unless you ask the question."

The tricky part about hiring or signing bonuses is that they are usually taxed at 41.5% ! So, if you were planning to buy a big couch for your living room - think big "bean bag chair" instead.

You also took a risk when you committed to two years. Who knows what could happen during this time - you may stay a longer or shorter period of time. Life is too unpredictable to know what you will be doing two years from now.

Best wishes on it working out for the best - all the way around.

-- Carole Martin, The Interview Coach

Fifth Answer:

Let's take this step by step:

  1. Entitlement to a signing bonus: The research I did on signing bonuses indicates these are usually offered for positions where the need is high and the available talent is scarce. These types of bonuses are typically for those who will be with the company for at least one year and appear to be committed to staying on longer. It appears you are indeed entitled to one. Otherwise, there would be no discussion about it.
  2. Typical Amount of Bonus: In my research, I could only find limited information about signing bonus amounts. The data was from 1999 and the sampling was relatively small (less than 1300 respondents). The average bonus range was $1,000 - $2,999. (From American Institute of Graphic Arts, Resources (HTML version)
  3. Time of Payment: I did some checking around in various places on this issue. Different companies have different manners of paying signing bonuses. Some pay the amount as the first salary check. The majority of companies appear to pay the amount out over time, but they still vary as to how much and when. The standard seems to be about one-third to one-half after successful completion of 30 days or some sort of probationary period. The second and succeeding installments are paid upon the successful completion of another milestone. This is usually another six months or up to one year without break in service.

    You should also be aware that if you leave before completing your time commitment, you may be expected to repay a prorated amount of what you received in anticipation of staying with the company. This may be part of an employment agreement you sign.

  4. Typical Dirty Tricks: I don't know of any dirty tricks on the company side. Many of the companies I researched were concerned about getting burned by the candidate who left early with all of the bonus they were paid for committing to a long-term relationship.

If they're asking you about how long you'll commit to working for them and entertaining the accompanying considerations, I'd say you've been offered the job. By asking for a signing bonus, you made a counter offer which they may or may not accept, depending upon how convinced you've made the company feel about your commitment to being a long-term, productive team member.

May all of your Entrances be through the doors of success!

-- Yvonne LaRose, career and professional development coach, Career and Executive Recruiting Advice









Question:

I am a middle manager in an organization that uses a matrix rather than a traditional organization chart. The manager to which I report has been offered a new position within our company but in a different department and geographic location. Our Board has not yet decided who will replace him. There are three leading contenders and they're continually struggling against each other for increased portfolios. I see this as an opportunity to climb the corporate ladder, but I'm unsure how to do so as I do not wish to project an image of someone who is restless or who takes advantage of a difficult situation. Any suggestions?

First Answer:

Your ambitions and respect for the indication are a clear indication that you're not restless or being difficult but rather that you're committed to the organization and ambitious. This is an opportunity for you to demonstrate that. Often in the business world, it's all about the spin--that is, the way an argument or proposal is spun or presented. Successful businesspeople will tell you it's the same way with business careers. In this case, you want to spin your proposal as a positive one.

Without knowing all of the details of your reporting structure and the interim management team during the transition time, it's hard to provide specific options, but you can spin a positive argument about how you can lead and provide stability during this time. Try going to your old boss and thank him/her for the support and guidance you have received thus far. Ask him or her for advice: are you ready to take on additional roles? Would he or she support your request? If you receive a green light, you can then proceed to interim management and ask for an opportunity to rise to the occasion. Offer your willingness to take on additional leadership responsibilities and tasks. You're not looking for a promotion per se but rather a chance to bridge the gap and prove your commitment to the organization.

Keep the conversation positive and focused on how you can help and why this interim role would be a good one for the organization. Whether or not your offer is accepted, the organization will likely look fondly upon your positivist and willingness to pitch in. This kind of attitude and ambition will certainly be rewarded down the road. Remember, it's all about the spin. Will such a leadership role help you? Absolutely. But more importantly, you want to showcase how it will help the organization. After all, that's what they pay you to do!

-- Susan Strayer, Assistant Director, Career Services, School of Professional Studies in Business and Education at the Johns Hopkins University and founder and President of University and Career Decisions

Second Answer:

By virtue of the fact that your company uses a matrix organizational chart, you are in a very advantageous position. As I understand the concept, you and your colleagues are taking on a number of responsibilities and tasks that require unified efforts toward making your expertise and focus mesh with all of the others. You are also required to have input into the other parts and have intelligence about them so that success is assured.

From my understanding of this concept, you will not be seen as projecting an offensive image if you present yourself as a contributor who has achieved quantifiable results in the areas where you have primary responsibilities. Your skills and qualifications are enhanced by the contributions you have made where you reported to or coordinated with the outgoing manager.

A little more research on matrix organization charts brought me to a research paper by Yimin Zhu, Ph.D., CCE, "Organization Structures" (PDF version) (See also Organization Structures (HTML version).) Although it is written for an engineering discipline, the explanations of how a system requires the input of its parts and how it attains viability are worth serious study. As you work through Dr. Zhu's explanations, you may be better able to see how you have made significant contributions as part of your routine that deserve recognition and reward by way of your assuming the position of the outgoing manager.

May all your Entrances be through the doors of success!

-- Yvonne LaRose, career and professional development coach, Career and Executive Recruiting Advice

Third Answer:

Many ambitious people have faced a similar situation. It sounds like you are not being considered for the job. If not, it may not be appropriate to start campaigning for the position at this late time. After all, the hiring authority has decided on other candidates.

The best approach may be to ask for a meeting with a member of the Board to express your interest in the job and to find out what improvements you can make to insure that you are considered for future promotions.

If you do this before the position is filled, who knows, they may add you to the list of candidates. If you are truly interested in the position, it can only help to express your desires to the people who make the decisions.

-- Carole Martin, The Interview Coach









Question:

I'm considering a career as a pharmacist but I don't want to spend years of my time and tens of thousands of dollars on tuition to get a pharmacy degree only to discover that I don't like the work. One option that I've been considering is to first become a pharmacy technician. Is that a good idea? Will my employer then pay for my pharmacy degree?

First Answer:

Requirements vary for pharmacy technician positions. Employers may require prior experience, an associate's degree, and certification - or none of the above. Adding to the mix, some companies don't offer certification reimbursement as part of an employment package, therefore, waiting for an employer may delay your plans.

Take the initiative to start the training program. You could holdout for an employer, but putting your foot forward will be the best course of action, in my opinion. The National Pharmacy Technician Association (NPTA) offers the information you'll need to become a Certified Pharmacy Technician [CPhT], along with offering a continuing education program through STAT Educational Services.

While taking classes, work for an employer that doesn't require the certification. Gain work experience - even if limited - while taking classes, and learn in the evenings to subsequently benefit your job.

-- Teena Rose, a certified and published rƩsumƩ writer and career specialist with RƩsumƩ to Referral

Second Answer:

My quick response to this is that the marketplace has become increasingly competitive. While I don't know the cost of online classes, if they are in your budget, I'd suggest that you take the initiative and start learning whatever it is that you need to know. If an employer wants to train you on the job, you can always stop taking the online classes or let them pay for the rest. Employers are always more interested someone who is already skilled, or at least in the learning process. They aren't necessarily going to want to lay out the money and time for your education, so going now will make you more marketable.

-- Alison Blackman Dunham, life & career expert, columnist, personal public relations consultant, half of THE ADVICE SISTERSĀ®, and the author of the ASK ALISON career advice column

Third Answer:

The answer to your question depends on whether or not you have already truly chosen to pursue formal education in pharmacy. If you have not yet determined that you're willing to invest the time and money into a graduate degree in pharmacy, working as a pharmacy technician will provide you with insights into this particular career choice. And if you have identified an opportunity to be hired as a pharmacy tech with on-the-job training, certainly take it! Since many pharmacies, especially hospital pharmacies, will only hire experienced and/or nationally certified technicians, you may need to invest in training to become a pharmacy technician.

However, if you have already decided that you are going to apply to a graduate program in pharmacy, then I would offer you different advice. Focus your efforts on your undergraduate work and into the pharmacy school application process - which may include passing the pharmacy school admissions test (PCAT). Why? While there's a chance that experience as a technician might look good on your application, few students accepted into pharmacy programs have this type of experience. As with other competitive graduate programs, the ingredients for success are great grades, glowing letters of recommendation, solid PCAT scores, and positive entrance interviews at your chosen pharmacy school.

Once you've been accepted to a pharmacy program, you will be required to register with the state to become a licensed intern pharmacist and work in a pharmacy throughout your educational program. This will ensure that you develop practical, hands-on skills and experiences to get your pharmacy career off to a great start.

Wishing you best of luck with your career! Whatever choice you make, study hard and strive for excellence!

-- Tracy Laswell Williams, certified job and career transition coach, accredited resume writer and founder of CAREER-Magic.com

Fourth Answer:

Go to the source! Scheduling time to talk to pharmacy managers and technicians will help you to ensure you're not only preparing for a successful pharmacy career but that you know what to expect and what the career track will look like.

Make a list of the major pharmacies in your area--including large chains (CVS, Walgreens, Eckard), embedded pharmacies in grocery stores (Safeway, Giant, etc) and local, small pharmacies. Create a list of questions (including your question about training) that you would like the answers to about a pharmacy career. Determine what hours are less busy in the pharmacy and call and ask to speak to the pharmacy manager. Indicate that you're doing research on pharmacy careers and ask if he or she has a few minutes to talk. If not, ask if you can make an appointment to spend fifteen minutes asking a few questions.

Once you complete several conversations, you can compare answers from each of the different types of pharmacies and determine your options. You'll also have great contacts in each of the local pharmacies so when it comes time to apply for jobs, you'll have more options and better connections!

-- Susan Strayer, Assistant Director, Career Services, School of Professional Studies in Business and Education at the Johns Hopkins University and founder and President of University and Career Decisions

Fifth Answer:

The farsightedness of this question is impressive. It shows focus and steps toward mapping out a program to reach a specific goal. It also reveals the first steps to researching the requirements of attaining that goal.

I recommend that you visit the job descriptions for Pharmacists, Pharmacy technicians, and Pharmacy aides that are produced in the Occupational Outlook Handbook by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.(For the benefit of my readers, there is a link to it in my Career Center.) Those descriptions will help you understand the nature of the work, training and other qualifications, find related careers, and other important information about the options you're considering.

In regard to which path to follow after reading the BLS job descriptions, I decided the best way to make a decision was to ask a pharmacist at a large retail chain in California. What was impressive was after being very forthright about what I was seeking, the pharmacist was very generous with information as well as her personal recommendation.

Her recommendation was to start out as a clerk and get some work experience and exposure to the type of work involved. With that, a person can work part time while attending school and taking the state licensing exam. This work experience also casts a favorable light on those applying to pharmacy school (work done after obtaining one's bachelor's degree) because it shows initiative and exposure to the field.

The materials from BLS tend to concur with the pharmacist's recommendations. In answer to your question, I would say that in this instance do not take the online classes but get on-the-job experience. May all your Entrances be through the doors of success!

-- Yvonne LaRose, career and professional development coach, Career and Executive Recruiting Advice









Question:

I recently applied to a job for which I thought I'd be perfect for, (skills, education, background, history, everything). I got an interview with an individual who really wasn't in a position to hire/fire. I followed up only to receive in the next day's mail the 'thanks but no thanks' letter. I would like to respond with a 'reconsider me for the position' type letter but am not sure what else I might include to urge the hiring individual to rethink her hasty rejection. Any thoughts, ideas, suggestions, advice?

First Answer:

It's frustrating to get through the interview process thinking you have the position only to find out differently. Even if the interview didn't have hiring and firing power, she likely had some input.

RƩsumƩs get interviews; interviews get jobs. Since you made it to the interview, your rƩsumƩ did its job by getting your foot in the door. The focus now shifts to the conversation that went on during the interview. Were you prepared for the questions, or how could you have answered them differently? Did your answers push the pressure points for the interviewer?

When leaving any interview, make several notations about the questions asked, the topics your conversation drifted to, and analyze your responses. Some interviews are structured, where others are not; so the responses you provide within casual conversation can also have an effect on the outcome.

Think about the interview process as a one-sided relationship. Every answer you provide, every number or percentage you quote, and every skill you mention, should evolve around a core theme: the hiring company. Human resource managers don't care about whether you can use PowerPoint, unless it's relevant to them. They'd prefer not to hear about every task performed for the last 20 years ... again, unless it's relevant.

The interview potentially meant you had the job, but something went wrong during the interview process - they wouldn't have wasted time unless they thought you could do the job, right? Build a relationship with your interviewer and focus on offering answers that are solutions focused. You can try sending a follow-up letter, however, it may not help. You're probably better off cutting your losses and shifting efforts towards your on-going job search.

Pick up a publication on interviewing, such as 100+ Winning Answers to the Toughest Interview Questions by Casey Hawley (Barron's), so you can uncover ways to polish your interviewing skills.

-- Teena Rose, a certified and published rƩsumƩ writer and career specialist with RƩsumƩ to Referral

Second Answer:

Why not call the hiring manager to find out what's going on rather than try to guess in a letter?

-- Tracy Laswell Williams, certified job and career transition coach, accredited resume writer and founder of CAREER-Magic.com

Third Answer:

You certainly have nothing to lose with such an approach. Of course, if the employer has already hired someone else, you may be out of luck for the moment, but there's always the possibility the person hired won't work out and you could be waiting in the wings. I'd suggest one of two approaches:

  1. Write a follow-up to the rejection letter saying something like: "I was disappointed to learn that you decided not to consider me further for [name of position], but I am still very interested in contributing my talents to [name of company]. Here's how I could contribute:" Then re-state your "skills, education, background, history, everything" that made you so perfect for the job, but do so in a way that's different from your initial cover letter. Emphasize your "fit" with the company and position.
  2. Tap into information that came up in the interview. Perhaps the interviewer mentioned a problem the company is hoping the person in this position will tackle. Give some idea how you would address the problem and offer to elaborate further in another interview. Pique the employer's interest with how you can add value based on things you learned about the company's needs during the interview.

-- Katharine Hansen, former speechwriter and college instructor who provides content for the Web site, Quintessential Careers, edits QuintZine, an electronic newsletter for jobseekers, and prepares job-search correspondence as chief writer for Quintessential Resumes and Cover Letters

Fourth Answer:

The old 'thanks but no thanks' letter. What a bummer! Well, before you re-contact the person who interviewed you, there are some things you need to consider. Take some sheets of paper and actually write out the answers to the following issues:

  • What you learned about the opportunity - do critical analysis here
  • What you said during the pre-screening interview about your ambitions in relation to the company and the opportunity
  • How you may have sounded to the interviewer - legitimate, interested, motivated, qualified, milquetoast, wishy-washy, too eager to please
  • Whether this really is a good match for what you're seeking
  • Who are the people with whom you'd be working if you got the job
  • Is the ceiling too low so that you'd quickly outgrow the situation

If your analysis shows you really are qualified and have a growing future in this position, there are a few things you can do. Some are traditional, some are a bit more risky.

The person with whom you interviewed is not the one to hire for the position. So why return to them asking for reconsideration? Better to research the position a little more. Get a better understanding of what is sought, who the supervisor is.

[Risky path] Contact the supervisor directly, saying that you had an opportunity to meet with "First Interviewer" and you are still very interested in the position or one like it. You'd like to talk with Mr./Ms. Supervisor about positions of this sort to gain a better understanding of the requirements as you continue your search.

[Less risky path] Contact "First Interviewer" and thank them for their time. Do this by phone. Tell them you are very impressed with the company [if this is true] and would like to be able to vie for other opportunities that are a better fit.

But I'm making myself ill just writing those words. Once you've completed your own self assessment, you should have a pretty good sense of whether that was the right situation for you or not. Remember, not every job that initially looks like the perfect fit is actually what the fairy godmother was trying to deliver. May all of your Entrances be through the doors of success!

-- Yvonne LaRose, career and professional development coach, Career and Executive Recruiting Advice

Fifth Answer:

As I read your question, the phrase that stuck in my mind was "a job for which I thought I'd be perfect for". Mine time as job seekers we truly believe that this is the job for us. When applying for a job, we really don't see the whole picture. Most interviewers have a predisposed mindset of what they are looking for -- both skill and personality wise. Sometimes our view points are just not the same.

The other part of your information that was a little confusing was that the person you interviewed with, according to your statement, was not in the position to hire/fire. Obviously, they were in the postion not to hire. Many times the hiring process will involve several interviews with several different people. Each step of that interview process will be determined by the person who interviewed you last. For whatever reason, the person you spoke with did not feel you were the person for the position -- especially since they were so quick to send you a rejection letter.

Review your interview process. Did you appear too eager? In hindsight, did the interviewer give you any cues you did not pick up on.

I wouldn't tell you not to send a "reconsider me" letter but I would tell you that it probably won't do any good. If you decide to send such a letter, I would emphasize in the letter the skills you feel you possess that match the qualifications that they employer is looking for. I would also express my disappointment at not being considered for the positoin and ask them to keep my resume in the consideration for jobs in that area in the future.

-- Linda Wyatt, Career Center Director, Kansas City Kansas Community College

Sixth Answer:

There could be two major reasons this happened. First, if the organization responded no so quickly and you were such a good fit, it could be because they already had a hire in mind but had to post the position for legal reasons. If the organization already knew who they planned to hire, it would not have mattered how strong of a candidate you were.

I would take a also close look at your background and do a gap analysis. There could have been one specific credential they were looking for that you didn't have that ruled you out immediately. It could have been number of years of work experience, particular industry experience, a specific technology skill etc. Look at the original job description. Was there anything that was required for the role that you didn't state explicitly in your resume? Sometimes employers won't even read a cover letter.

Whenever you're applying for a position, go through the job description with one highlighter and color the things you meet exactly. Then, take a second color and highlight the aspects you can sell, but not as strongly. If there is alot more of the second color than the first, it may be a sign that the position isn't a match.

You should also get critical feedback on versions of your resume and cover letter from experts and colleagues in your field. Make sure your message is clear about who you are, what you bring to the table and what you're looking for.

-- Susan Strayer, Assistant Director, Career Services, School of Professional Studies in Business and Education at the Johns Hopkins University and founder and President of University and Career Decisions









Question:

I am a junior in a small town high school. I already know what I wish to major and minor in when I go to college. I have not taken the ACT or SAT test yet. Should I start applying to colleges now or wait until I am a senior?

First Answer:

I believe you can take the ACT and SAT as junior. If you are planning to apply to colleges that require these test scores, start studying and take the test as soon as you can. You will probably not be allowed to apply for colleges until you have completed the test and academic requirements, so good luck!

-- Alison Blackman Dunham, life & career expert, columnist, personal public relations consultant, half of THE ADVICE SISTERSĀ®, and the author of the ASK ALISON career advice column

Second Answer:

Ah Grasshopper, it is now time to learn the most valuable word for your career - networking. Sure, take the test - assuming you have studied and taken practice exams; by taking them now you can beat the rush to the hallowed gates of higher education. But at the same time, begin contacting professors at the schools you're interested in attending. Let them know you're looking to establish a relationship before you're accepted and would be interested in working for them once you've been accepted.

Ask these professors for advice - what people and writings influenced them when they were in college.

Be proactive - don't just wait for the envelope to appear in your mailbox.

-- Steve Levy, Principal of outside-the-box Consulting

Third Answer:

This is an excellent time to start researching the schools you have an interest in attending. Part of your information gathering will be not only reviewing the brochures and catalogs but also talking with instructors and administrators. This is the pre-application phase. The sooner you start, the more ahead of the process you are in putting together the right application package -- with emphasis on the things that are important to your desired schools.

Your SAT and ACT scores will be forwarded to the schools you designate when they are available.

May all your Entrances be through the doors of success!

-- Yvonne LaRose, career and professional development coach, Career and Executive Recruiting Advice

Fourth Answer:

Preplanning for large milestones in life will make a huge difference relative to your career readiness; and the fact that you're thinking about such things as a junior is wonderful! Your junior year will be finished before you know it, so researching and narrowing down your college choices would be a wise move at this point. Requesting and submitting applications isn't a timely process, therefore, you may wish to wait until the start of your senior year before proceeding. If you're concerned about acceptance or availability, contact your primary college choice (if you have one) to identify the best time to apply.

Examine your intended major at great length - if you haven't already. Over the years, I've worked with countless individuals who changed majors mid-stream or finished college with a degree in one area, yet their job search was aimed at another. Shifting gears is costly, time consuming, and avoidable if adequate amounts of exploration are conducted before signing up for that first class.

Best Jobs for the 21st Century for College Graduates (JIST), written by J. Michael Farr and LaVerne L. Ludden, will open your eyes to career fields that are forecasted to grow over the next few years. The book also takes an in-depth look, including salary, skill, course and occupational expectations.

Just as you'll research and analyze college choices, other factors should come into play, such as location and cost. Cost, in my opinion, can be a huge deterrent for certain schools so spend adequate amounts of time researching grants, scholarships, and the financial commitment needed by yourself and/or your parents. Deadlines for scholarships and grants vary throughout the year, so identify availability and create a calendar for a 6 to 18-month spread. Scholarships, in particular, are essentially "free money," so taking the time to submit a quality package and get your applications in on time will make a difference on your success rate.

-- Teena Rose, a certified and published rƩsumƩ writer and career specialist with RƩsumƩ to Referral









Question:

When getting a BS degree does the school make that much of a difference? I know there's an obvious difference from getting a community college degree compared to a school like Harvard, but between most four year major universities, does the school hold much breadth in getting a job?

First Answer:

The answer to this question is yes and no. A good education and good networking connections can be made in any accredited institution. However, in the Ivy League schools, the tradition still runs to graduated helping and hiring graduates of the same school. Additionally, some places may rank you more seriously when you are applying for higher degreees of education, especially if you graduated from a specific school. I don't think it's as important where you went to school as what you got out of it. Few employers care that much where you went to undergraduate school. My advice is to pick the school that offers the program, teachers, location and services that suit your needs best, and don't worry about the "name" value as your #1 concern.

-- Alison Blackman Dunham, life & career expert, columnist, personal public relations consultant, half of THE ADVICE SISTERSĀ®, and the author of the ASK ALISON career advice column

Second Answer:

If the recruiter or the hiring manager believes that the school is a gating factor then Mission Control, we have a problem. Sure you can emphasize that you actually have relevant experience, your grades weren't inflated, and your parents didn't donate $15 million for an endowed chair in Fine Arts when you were this close to being bounced out of school but if only Hah-vahd grads work at the company that has your name on it, there's really little you can do.

Does it make sense that only grads from particular schools will succeed at a company? Of course it doesn't, just as it makes no more than only men can be CEOs. Deal with the objections as best you can, focus on your accomplishments, blah, blah, blah.

However, I'll bet anything that the school you graduate from has some tremendously successful alumni who also ran into a Crimson brick wall but learned how to get around it. Talk to these folks. People enjoy being asked how they became successful, how they overcame "the odds." Focus on the people who want to help you versus on the people who want to exclude you. Go to alumni events before you graduate. If you have a football game, go to the tailgate section and talk to the folks who obviously aren't in school - ask them what they do, who they work for, if they'd have you in for an interview.

You may have to work a bit harder than the privileged ones but for certain desire and persistence go a long way in a job search.

-- Steve Levy, Principal of outside-the-box Consulting

Third Answer:

Actually, where you went to school does make a difference to employers. And you'd be surprised at what employers look for in terms of who are their best bets.

I had an opportunity to attend a Recruiters and Human Resource Managers Metrics Symposium in Los Angeles in June. During the lunch/networking period, the conversation moved to where the recruiters find their "keepers." There was general concensus that there are a few hires from the Ivy League schools, top of the class of the better schools, or the top brass's school of choice. However, the recruiters and HR pros chalk up those hires to the ones they can expect to leave the company within a year or less. These people are seen as the prima donas and are only there for the prestige and money.

The new grads who prove to be the very best hires and stay the longest are the ones who attended the schools that provided the basics of the subjects. These graduates come out of school with a good foundation in their subject. They are hard workers and reliable. When they get hired, they have determined (on their own) that they're in it for the long haul. Their desire and drive is for results.

These are definitely things to keep in mind as you make your Entrances through the doors of success!

-- Yvonne LaRose, career and professional development coach, Career and Executive Recruiting Advice

Fourth Answer:

There is a great deal of snobbery around colleges. Some companies are more particular than others. There is also an east west discrimination as well. Unfortunately, some companies or hiring managers really put up their noses at colleges such as Phoenix University where they think you "buy" your degree.

Many colleges are recognized for their excellence in specific disciplines. For instance, the University of Michigan is known for its business program. The University of Cincinnati is known for its chemistry program. A degree in these disciplines from these institutions would certainly be a plus.

My personal opinion is that an education is only as good as what the student learns and benefits from it.

-- Carole Martin, The Interview Coach

Fifth Answer:

Your choice of school is not completely insignificant in terms of getting a job, but I would characterize it as a minor consideration.

The choice of school can help you, of course, if you attend an extremely prestigious colleges, such as one in the Ivy League.

Your choice can also help you in small ways in the job-selection process. If a decision-maker trying to determine whom to interview for a job vacancy notices on your resume that you went to the same college that he or she did, you might have a slight edge in being interviewed.

Similarly, your school can be part of the conversation in interviews, if, for example, the interviewer attended the same school, knows someone who went to that school, or happens to know interesting things about the school.

If an employer has had a good experience with hiring graduates of a particular school -- yours -- your choice can help you.

So, yes, choice of school comes into play in the job search, but how the school stacks up in the job search should probably not be your major reason for choosing your college.

What is far, far more important to employers is the quality of experience you gain in your field during your college years.

-- Katharine Hansen, former speechwriter and college instructor who provides content for the Web site, Quintessential Careers, edits QuintZine, an electronic newsletter for jobseekers, and prepares job-search correspondence as chief writer for Quintessential Resumes and Cover Letters









Question:

I'm considering a career change. When I graduated from high school 20 years ago, I thought that I'd have learned everything I would need to know for my career by the time that I was thirty. I'm now forty and securely employed at a relatively low level with my company. I want to move into management but don't know how to make that jump. What are some of the obstacles I'll face and how do I best get around them?

First Answer:

Probably the biggest obstacle you face is the lack of a college degree. In today's job market, education plays an important factor. Twenty years ago experience used to carry a lot of weight. Employers are looking for well educated people which equates to a college degree.

As the Director of a Career Center, I see many adults who come back to school to document skills they may have already gained in the work place and to earn "that piece of paper" that will give them advanced job opportunities. Check in your area to see what types of programs are available for the adult who is working a full time job to continue their education and get a college degree. Many colleges have developed specialized programs for the working adult that makes getting that degree a reality. Check with your employer to see if your company offers any type of tuition reimbursement benefits for employees who continue their education.

If you are interested in advancing with the company you are currently in, beginning checking with your supervisor, human resources, etc. to see what qualifications are demanded for the next level.

-- Linda Wyatt, Career Center Director, Kansas City Kansas Community College

Second Answer:

You've made a great step in overcoming the first obstacle -- no longer denying to yourself what you want to do.

An excellent first step is to take a personality, skills, and knowledge assessment. This will help you understand who you are as far as how you deal with others and situations, whether you're an outgoing people person or someone who likes to deal with tasks, projects and reports, whether you're a cool cucumber under stressful or emergency situations or if you're better at following the tried and true and improving on facts. The assessment will also show you how much you presently know in relation to management skills and therefore what you still need to know. This last one will help you be better able to handle construction criticism and direction.

One of the biggest obstacles for any person wanting to get themselves promoted is credibility. Show you're good at living up to your word. Make certain you follow through on all of the details of a project -- especially the fine points. Express your good independent and creative judgment. Demonstrate your ability to plan and budget so that you realize a net profit from your efforts. Exhibit amenability to learning ways and concepts. Listen attentively and show you've understood. Be professional; don't demean yourself.

Another obstacle may be some form of advanced training or education. Never fear, there are ways to gain additional education and credentials through online or evening classes.

Armed with your self knowledge, it's time to start networking. Approach your supervisor. Approach trusted friends and colleagues who have moved into management positions. Let them know that you're keenly interested in moving into management yourself. Tell them you'd like to be part of working on the planning and follow-through of projects that will help you gain the additional skills necessary to be a good manager. Have one in mind that you'd like to do. Be certain to get feedback where possible. Use it to improve.

Once that project's successfully completed (and make certain your successes are documented in your job file and on your resume), ask to be included in another project with a little more responsibility.

May all your Entrances be through the doors of success!

-- Yvonne LaRose, career and professional development coach, Career and Executive Recruiting Advice

Third Answer:

Your biggest obstacle is yourself! If you've been working this long, you've likely got some good insight in your industry and field and have a good idea of where your interests lie. You just need to believe in yourself--you are capable of moving up and being successful--and take action to get there. In order to do so, there are a number of questions you'll want to consider:

Can your current manager/supervisor help?

If you have regular performance reviews, make sure your career path ever a part of those discussions. If not, you want to begin a dialogue with your immediate supervisor to determine what your options are. Your interest in moving up and continued development and progression should be noted in your reviews. You can also use review time as a chance to set development goals. In your current position determine if there are management tasks you can assist with to demonstrate your abilities. Ask your supervisor for stretch roles and take them on with energy and excitement. It is the easiest way to demonstrate you're ready for your next challenege.

Have you made yourself known?

Do some career research and have some lunch conversations or coffee meetings with colleagues across your company. Make it clear you're not looking for a job, but rather just doing some career research. Ask advice on how to move up and best practices from their experiences. Don't spend these conversations talking about you. Instead, have a good list of questions such as: what do you like most about your management role? What actions and development activities were key to your growth? What advice would you give someone who is looking to grow into that type of role?

Have you done any long-term planning?

Moving into management is admirable, but make sure it is where you want to go. Don't just make a move to make one. Spend some time ensuring that your skills, abilities and behaviors will enable you to be a success in management, and, that it is truly where you want to go. Itching to leve your current role doesn't men the only move is up in your current organization. Be confident that it is what you really want.

-- Susan Strayer, Assistant Director, Career Services, School of Professional Studies in Business and Education at the Johns Hopkins University and founder and President of University and Career Decisions









Question:

I interned at a company three years ago and would like the person who supervised me there to be one of my references. Unfortunately, he left the company at which I interned but I was able to find her through a google search. I have her new phone number and email address. Should I call or email her to ask if I may use her as a reference?

First Answer:

You should email her with a formal reference request, but do it carefully. In a first paragraph, begin the message by indicating that you learned through career research that she is now working at XYZ organization. Be sure to ask her how she is doing and reiterate how much you enjoyed working for her and what you learned during that experience. In a second paragraph, update her on your current situation, your time since you interned and your current status.

Finally in a third paragraph, indicate that your purpose for writing is to ask if she would be willing to serve as a reference. Be sure to let her know that if she agrees, you'll be respectful of her privacy and only provide the hiring organization with her preferred contact information after her approval.

You'll also want to let her know that if she is willing, you will follow-up with details on the job description, an overview of the search process, detail on who might be contacting her from the hiring organization and details on when that contact might occur. Don't forget to attach a copy of your resume, and any information about what gaps the hiring organization may try to address, or what skill or performance areas might be the focus of the call.

Remember, the more informed your reference, and the easier you make the process, the better the reference will be.

-- Susan Strayer, Assistant Director, Career Services, School of Professional Studies in Business and Education at the Johns Hopkins University and founder and President of University and Career Decisions

Second Answer:

Should you ask someone who could be a valid reference for you to be one even if she left the original company? My quick answer is YES, as getting a great reference is one of the benefits of being an intern. However, I'll temper that by saying that I would feel more comfortable contacting this person if the information is for her new, business address. If this is the case, email first and say that you'll take the liberty of following up by phone.

However, if the new information you got off Google is her personal contact information and NOT a business, I'd hesitate using it. Some might consider it an invasion of privacy (which the Internet has made so easy to do). Instead, I'd try to track her new business contact information from the original company you worked at. Chances are if they know you're seeking a reference, they'll provide the forwarding business email or phone.

-- Alison Blackman Dunham, life & career expert, columnist, personal public relations consultant, half of THE ADVICE SISTERSĀ®, and the author of the ASK ALISON career advice column

Third Answer:

This is the easiest question I've been asked in my time as a CollegeRecruiter.com expert and should put a smile on your face. Of course you may contact her to ask for permission to be a reference, and I would recommend calling over emailing as a more personal way to renew your professional relationship. If she agrees-and clearly you believe her appreciation of your work supports a recommendation--offer to email her a copy of your current resume, so that she can see your progress since the internship, and tell her what kind of a position you are seeking now. This will help her to answer a prospective employer's questions.

As a learning point for you, references are often more valuable when they have left the company at which you earned the recommendation. Most employers today muzzle their current employees and forbid them to give references; once you've left a firm, you are freer to speak.

Treat all your references as the solid gold assets they are. Going forward, make sure you at least "check in" with them every six months. Senior-level former colleagues are not just a resource for when you are in job search; you may find yourself reaching out to identify talent, point you to information or a contact you can't identify on your own. Additionally, relationship building is a two way street: you may find future opportunities to do something for those who've shepherded your career.

-- Carol Anderson, Career Development and Placement Office, Robert J. Milano Graduate School of Management and Urban Policy at New School University in New York City

Fourth Answer:

Definitely call first. Be polite and professional in your request and if you don't hear back from the phone message, you could follow up with an email request. If you don't hear back, don't press the matter further.

-- Tracy Laswell Williams, certified job and career transition coach, accredited resume writer and founder of CAREER-Magic.com

Fifth Answer:

This is definitely the time to call your previous supervisor. An enormous span of time has passed -- three years. A huge number of things happen in our lives every day. Compound that by months and then by years. You soon realize that it's easy to forget names, things, people when other priorities start to push a short (here, I'm saying one to three months) meeting aside.

Asking someone to be a reference for you is nearly always going to be a personal conversation done in person, if you're still at that site, or by phone call. Picking up the phone, especially after your prospective reference has made a job change, is a great way to re-connect. You can congratulate them on their new situation and ask them about it. Then segue to remind them of where you worked, what projects you worked on, how much you enjoyed a particular project or the insights you gained from your supervisor's guidance and mentoring. These sorts of things are difficult to do in the body of a brief email. A phone conversation is the better route.

You're opening an exciting door to your future. May all of your Entrances be through the doors of success!

-- Yvonne LaRose, career and professional development coach, Career and Executive Recruiting Advice

Sixth Answer:

In a word, yes. It matters little that she no longer works for the same firm at which you interned. What matters is her knowledge of you.

You should always seek as references the people who will make the strongest recommendations for you. The key is people who know your strengths and abilities -- and who will say positive things about you.

Overall, you ideally want about three to five references - people who can speak highly of your accomplishments, work ethic, skills, education, performance, etc. For experienced job-seekers, most references should come from previous supervisors and co-workers whom you worked closely with in the past, though you may also choose to list an educational (mentor) or personal (character) reference. College students and recent grads have a little more flexibility, but ideally you should have several references from internships or volunteer work in addition to professors and personal references. Avoid listing family members; clergy or friends are okay for personal references. Former coaches, vendors, customers, and business acquaintances are also acceptable.

You're on the right track by planning to ask your former supervisor whether she would be comfortable serving as a reference for you. Most people will be flattered -- or at least willing to serve as a reference -- but you still need to ask to be sure. Be prepared for a few people to decline your request -- for whatever reason.

Make sure to get complete information from each reference: full name, current title, company name, business address, and contact information (daytime phone, email, cell phone, etc.).

Ensure that each reference always has a copy of your most current resume, knows your key accomplishments and skills, and is aware of the jobs/positions you are seeking. Again, the best references are the ones who know who you are, what you can accomplish, and what you want to do.

Don't forget to thank your references once your current job search is complete. Some companies never contact any references, some only check the first one or two, and some check all. Regardless, these people were willing to help you, and thanking them is simply a common courtesy.

-- Katharine Hansen, former speechwriter and college instructor who provides content for the Web site, Quintessential Careers, edits QuintZine, an electronic newsletter for jobseekers, and prepares job-search correspondence as chief writer for Quintessential Resumes and Cover Letters

Seventh Answer:

Don't believe there's any other way to do it unless this person has well-established ESP abilities...

Email the person first, letting them know what kind of position you're seeking - this way, they should be able to tailor to reference to fit the position. Let them know when you plan on calling them and call them at that time. When you call them, thank them profusely and offer your assistance in any way possible.

Now there's always a possibility that they may not want to offer you a reference - be polite but re-emphasize how much you learned from them (you know, suck up) and how much you'd appreciate their reference being a springboard for your career. Unless they're completely heartless, you should walk away with a great reference.

-- Steve Levy, Principal of outside-the-box Consulting

Eighth Answer:

Absolutely, you should contact her! It really doesn't matter where she is NOW; what matters is that she worked closely with you three years ago and that, as such, she can speak about you with credibility and expertise.

It will be up to her, of course, to decide whether she WANTS to serve as a reference for you. But if you don't even ask her, then there's NO chance she will be! :-)

-- Peter Vogt, college career counselor, President of Career Planning Resources, and a Personal Career Coach with College to Career









Question:

I live in a rural area and have been having great difficulty finding a job in my chosen field. When the economy was so bad, I returned to school and obtained a BS in chemistry and biology so that I could become a chemist, biologist or lab technician. I've been applying to advertised openings on-line, in newspapers, and even in person after having driven 1.5 hours to the employer's facility. I am open to relocation, even at my own expense, but keep getting rejected. Because of my remote location, I wasn't able to obtain any directly related experience while I was in school. The only major employers in my area are a dog food company, a furniture manufacturer and a mobile home manufacturer. I have worked a variety of jobs before and during school and am willing to do what it takes, but I can't seem to get my foot in the door. After applying to jobs, I follow-up but I have to admit that I haven't done any networking, primarily because there aren't any employers with the types of jobs that I want in my area. What should I do?

First Answer:

When job searching becomes frustrating it's important to ensure you have several plans and strategies going instead of just one. Here are several options for you to consider:

  1. Depending on your personal situation, you could move first and job search second. Research where some of the largest employers in your field are located and plan to relocate yourself. Once you're in the vicinity of those types of employers, you can network with people who work there, and/or contact the employers for informational interviews to learn more about the company and how to get an entry level position.
  2. Are there any colleges or universities near you? If so, see if you can do some lab work in their science departments. Often there are full-time positions doing this kind of work and as well, graduate students engaging in research can often use help in the lab.
  3. Use your college's career services department and the college's faculty. What connections do they have that can help you? Can they direct you to employers or suggest ways to make your resume stronger based on what they know the field is looking for?
  4. Think about related work you can do in a rural area. Are you a good writer? Put your science knowledge to work by doing freelance writing for a science magazine. Do research from home to support a university professor. You can even look into starting your own business that might be science related.
  5. Finally, stay abreast of trends in your industry. You can do this through volunteer work (try the local hospital?) or in an academic setting. You might also try working in a doctor's office or vet's office to get some lab experience as well. You can also network online using any of the following sites:

-- Susan Strayer, Assistant Director, Career Services, School of Professional Studies in Business and Education at the Johns Hopkins University and founder and President of University and Career Decisions

Second Answer:

The most important thing you say in your question is that you're open to relocation. That's critical because it sounds like there just aren't many opportunities in your current town when it comes to applying your chemistry/biology background (although the dog food company MAY have possibilities ... have you looked into that organization?). That's not surprising. In many rural areas, there just aren't enough employers -- from a sheer numbers standpoint -- for people with fairly specialized backgrounds such as yours.

I'm not saying it will be IMPOSSIBLE for you to get a job in your field in your current town; but it might well be very difficult. So the fact that you're willing and able to move is a good thing.

That said, I think you're due for a "road trip" -- or two or three or four of them -- right now. When you drove to the company that was 1.5 hours away, for example, you did so to apply for a job there in person. That's great. But now you might want to also find someone(s) at that company whom you can talk to on an informational basis (i.e., informational interview) -- either in person (best) or via email or phone (still pretty good) -- to get some ideas and tips on ways you can look for a job in your field in that city (or elsewhere, for that matter). This is the "networking" type of activity that you speak of in your message -- and your intuition about it is correct: It IS a critical thing for you to be doing right now, especially since you weren't able to get any field-specific experience while you were obtaining your degree.

(Note: To learn more about informational interviewing and networking, check out the excellent book "A Foot in the Door" [Ten Speed Press, 2000], by Katharine Hansen ... a frequent contributor here on CollegeRecruiter's "Ask the Experts" column.)

Speaking of experience ... that's another issue you're probably going to need to address (something I'm guessing you already know, deep down). Because of the current entry-level job market in most fields, employers can be (and are) very fussy about who they interview and, ultimately, hire. You're competing against recent grads who DO have experience in the field through internships, co-ops, and the like. In order to compete effectively, you too will have to gain some experience ... somehow, some way ... even if it means making sacrifices (financial and otherwise) in the short term.

Are you aware, for example, that you could do an internship or volunteer experience in your field NOW, even though you've already graduated? It's true. It probably wouldn't be easy, of course (particularly financially), but it may be NECESSARY for you to take this short-term risk in order to meet your longer-term goal of landing a job in your field.

The task you have ahead of you isn't an easy one, especially since it may involve moving -- and moving to a new city without having any guarantees at that. But the alternative is finding yourself "stuck" in your current situation. You CAN ultimately reach your goals; but it will almost certainly take short-term sacrifice on your part, not to mention a lot of talking to people in order to learn about the many job opportunities that are NOT necessarily advertised anywhere in the newspaper, online, or elsewhere.)

-- Peter Vogt, college career counselor, President of Career Planning Resources, and a Personal Career Coach with College to Career

Third Answer:

The good news is you are open to relocation. The bad news is that long distance job search requires very careful planning and an hour an a half drive is the tip of the iceburg. You need to plan strategically! First, visit your alma mater's career services office to do research: what percentage of its graduates find jobs with a BS in chemistry or biology vs. go on to graduate school? What types of jobs are open to new graduates with only a BS? What companies recruit at your school or have hired its graduates in these fields? Can you get a list of alumni with degrees in chemistry or biology with contact information that you can use for informational interviews?

Second, visit your advisor or department chair and other chemistry and biology faculty and ask for their advice and contacts.

Third, visit the library and ask the reference librarian to help you look up major employers in industries that hire chemists and biologists: pharmaceuticals, oil, food processors and manufacturers, industrial chemicals, bioengineering, etc. A lot of this data is gathered in online directories, but they are accessible only to subscribers such as libraries and outplacement firms, so for most people large public libraries are the only way to get at them.

Fourth, research all the professional associations (in the Encyclopedia of Associations, a 2-volume printed tome in the public library) in biology and chemistry (you should belong to one in each field) and pick this year's national conference of one or two; email them and ask if as an unemployed graduate in the field, you can work the registration desk in return for free registration (my students/alumni do this with frequent success). Also read the industry journals in each field, pick an industry conference and two, and try the same thing. If it works, try to schedule interviews while you are at the conference location.

Fifth, after you've done all this research and contact making--you can network by email and phone-pick three geographic areas where employers in these fields are concentrated: New Jersey is "the pillbox of the nation" due to its concentration of pharmaceutical companies, Houston for oil, etc. Try to utilize the contacts you've made in your research to get informational interviews in firms in these three areas. Also check the websites of each firm for posted jobs, and try to reach the college recruiter. Your goal is to set up ganged interviews, and ideally spend a week in each of the three locations interviewing. Yes this is expensive; if you're footing the bill, consider staying with friends, your parents' friends, the aunt you haven't seen since you were ten, student hostels or find temporary accommodation on www.craigslist.org (many major cities). Most employers will not pay the travel expenses for a recent graduate (even if they do for more senior positions), but that would keep your costs down; I know new graduates who were just flown from New York to Arizona and Atlanta for job interviews. This is a saner and less risky way to do it than picking one location and using up your savings to move there in hopes of finding a job.

If you plan your search systematically and keep at it, target companies known to hire new grads in your field, and express your determination, tenacity, and willingness to learn as well as your willingness to relocate at your own expense, you will be successful. And don't ignore the dogfood company: somewhere a chemist is working on new dogfood formulas and product line extensions! Also you surely live within commuting distance of a hospital; if it's a teaching hospital or runs research projects, you may find a job that utilizes your scientific education.

-- Carol Anderson, Career Development and Placement Office, Robert J. Milano Graduate School of Management and Urban Policy at New School University in New York City

Fourth Answer:

Make sure you are stating on your cover letters -- and probably your resume as well -- that you are willing to relocate at your own expense. I've also heard recently of job-seekers deliberately omitting their addresses from their resumes and cover letters (including only phone numbers and e-mail addresses) so that employers don't balk at those who live too far away. You might try that and see if improves your responses.

-- Katharine Hansen, former speechwriter and college instructor who provides content for the Web site, Quintessential Careers, edits QuintZine, an electronic newsletter for jobseekers, and prepares job-search correspondence as chief writer for Quintessential Resumes and Cover Letters

Fifth Answer:

What you should do is open your eyes and start looking under your nose.

Responding to the bad economy with additional education in a specialized area was a good move. You must have chosen those three career options based on your past experience where you demonstrated strong comprehension or else you simply have a passion about the sciences and, therefore, do well in them.

You also must have made those career choices based on research about the present and potential demand for those paths. Return to your research notes to do some further study about where -- geographically -- the most opportunities are located as well as the least (less competition and higher likelihood of entry). Also research the amount and type of prior experience those positions require. You might try using the Bureau of Labor Statistics as one starting point, if you did not use it before. And if you did not use it before, you can find a link to that area in my Career Center or in the Library's Salary Surveys section. (Psst. Sneak a peek at the HR Forms and Job Descriptions in the Library's Forms aisle.)

But you said something about the only three major employers in your area are manufacturers in food, furniture, and nobile homes. No doubt each one of those major employers have a need for people with your specialty. Someone needs to know about chemical reactions in regard to lacquers and fuels, combustability of fabrics and plastics, acceptable nutritional content of certain foods in order to provide flavor and good health. Oh, the list could go on but it's up to you to research it and explore the options, not this volunteer.

Although you speak of the major employers, you do not talk about the medium and small-sized ones. They, too, may have some unique opportunities that are being overlooked. Do a closer investigation.

As for networking, you MUST do it. Don't limit yourself to just the online and print classifieds. Your dream job may be in plain view just a little under your nose. You just have to open your eyes and look under you nose for the gold bricks at your feet. May all of your Entrances be through the doors of success!

-- Yvonne LaRose, career and professional development coach, Career and Executive Recruiting Advice

Sixth Answer:

If you are getting interviews, it may be that you need to improve your interview skills. May I recommend my book. Log on to www.interviewcoach.com, to order one or both online. This is an inexpensive way to know the correct answers to the tough questions and give some insight as to where you might be stumbling through actual interview exercises.

You should apply at the companies in your area. Your background in chemistry fits well in manufacturing, especially pet foods. You might be surprised where you will find a need for your background.

Use all of the resources you can muster, including your college placement department and professional recruiters.

You should let prospective employers know that you are willing to relocate and will start in an entry level position since you have little experience and that you are enthusiastic about your career.

Do not get discouraged. If you prepare yourself and maintain a positive attitude, you will find the job that is right for you.

-- Carole Martin, The Interview Coach









Question:

My college career service office is telling me that I should work through them or the human resource departments of companies for which I want to work, my parents are telling me that I should directly contact the hiring managers at those companies, and friends are telling me that I should only work with recruiters. Who should I listen to?

First Answer:

My best advice is to use ALL the resources available to you in your job search. Each of the areas mentioned can offer you valuable services and each will have a different perspective that you can take advantage of. By all means, take advantages of all the resources your school's career center offers. But..don't limit yourself to only the companies that have developed a working relationship with the career center. Market yourself to all the companies you are interested in working for. Conduct informational interviews. Inform everyone that you know about the type of position you are looking for.

One note about recruiters. Many staffing companies do not charge a fee to the user but do charge the companies. Check these out. I would advise against going to a recruiting firm that charges big dollars until you have exhausted the other methods mentions.

-- Linda Wyatt, Career Center Director, Kansas City Kansas Community College

Second Answer:

In general, think AND rather than OR in your job search. Always contact as many people as you can. Always communicate through all channels available to you. However, when you do work with a recruiter, respect their wishes with regard to communications with their client.

-- Tracy Laswell Williams, certified job and career transition coach, accredited resume writer and founder of CAREER-Magic.com

Third Answer:

There's no reason to limit your job search to just one of these approaches. You can use all three and many others. While you may have greater success approaching hiring managers for cold-calling, you'll probably find that when responding to ads and job postings, many employers prefer that you go through the HR department. Some recruiters aren't interested in new graduates, but I've known several new grads who were very successful in working with recruiters. It may depend somewhat on what field you're in. But by all means, don't limit yourself to contacting only one kind of person during your job search. Leave no stone unturned.

-- Katharine Hansen, former speechwriter and college instructor who provides content for the Web site, Quintessential Careers, edits QuintZine, an electronic newsletter for jobseekers, and prepares job-search correspondence as chief writer for Quintessential Resumes and Cover Letters

Fourth Answer:

Friends, relatives, experts. They all have advice. Some of it overlaps. Some of it is as different as black and white. So you go through a balancing act trying to figure out on which of these trusted resources to rely. What you want to do is cast your net and build your network as broadly and judiciously as possible. In that regard, all of your resources are leading you on a good path.

Using the exclusive services of a recruiter means you limit yourself to those contacts and orders the recruiter has on their desk at that time. That means your opportunities are extremely limited, although the contacts will more than likely be very targeted.

It would make more sense to, while using the services of a recruiter, do some footwork of your own to develop your own network of contacts. Just make certain that you're not overlapping what your recruiter is doing. Let them know you'll be continuing your own independent efforts. In order to avoid a conflict of interest, ask who their clients are.

Your career services office (CSO) has a relationship with certain companies that recruit on your campus. They'll be a great source of information about the company, what the company seeks in the most desirable candidates, contacts, and other insider information that may be difficult to glean on your own. Working with the CSO and the in-house HR pros also allows you to learn about other opportunities that may be coming up or for which you may be more suited. Go ahead and talk with them. Go ahead and work with them.

In addition to all of that, do your own independent research on companies in which you have an that may not be recruiting on your campus. That means searching their websites and using other research tools to learn more about the people you need to know and contact about the opportunity you would like to attain. Find them. At least do an informational interview with them. If they're impressed, they just may ask you to talk with their HR pro about a situation that may fit your profile or else remember something that's coming up for which you may have some good qualifications.

Don't save that research only for your independent job search. Do it before you go on any of your interviews so that you have some sense of who the person with whom you'll be presenting yourself -- at every interview. That research may turn up some esoteric information that will help you create a better chemistry than your competitors and provide you with that extra edge. No matter what, it will make you better prepared for your presentation and have a better sense of what you want to know about many aspects of the opportunity.

May all of your Entrances be through the doors of success!

-- Yvonne LaRose, career and professional development coach, Career and Executive Recruiting Advice

Fifth Answer:

Your most effective route is to initiate direct contact with hiring managers. However, to put some fire behind your campaign, use all available methods to attract attention and generate face-to-face opportunities with employers. You want to play ball and not violate corporate policy so if they want an online application, give it BUT then do your own research to identify who the job reports to and seek that individual out. This clearly demonstrates your keen interest as well as your persistance and ability to find solutions. Recruiters are working on behalf of employers so that's where their loyalty rests. Get loaded into their databases so if an appropriate search comes up, you are one of the matches found. Finally, get out and speak with people connected with the companies where you want to work. The fastest job search is one that uses a matrix of methods and doesn't let the ball drop -- remember to follow up -- don't expect to hear back from employers, you have to find the ways to uncover your status. Not only does this show persistence, it gets you in touch with more inside connections who may have unadvertised job leads.

-- Debra Feldman, founder of JobWhiz, creator of the JOBWHIZQUIZ, and specialist in cyber savvy strategic job search consultations

Sixth Answer:

When seeking employment with large companies, the applicant should apply though the HR Department. That is, after all, their job -- to screen applicants before they are sent to interview with the hiring managers. To bypass the HR Department could create resentment. Not a good way to get off on the right foot.

Smaller companies may not have a formal HR Department, in which case you could contact the hiring manager directly.

Bottom line, when contacting prospective employees, always be courteous by following protocol as much as possible and never step on any one's toes on the path to finding employment.

Professional recruiters can be very helpful in finding companies that are hiring and should always be considered as a part of your job finding tool kit.

-- Carole Martin, The Interview Coach

Seventh Answer:

There's really no need to turn this into an "either/or" type of question, because in reality you could use ALL of these strategies if you wanted to.

But here's how I'd proceed if I were in your shoes:

  1. Definitely work with your career center's counselors and, if applicable, its on-campus interviewing program. The services are almost certainly free to you, and the career center folks have built relationships with many employers -- one of whom may someday hire you. So you really can't go wrong working with the career center as PART of your overall strategy. They'll help you get in touch with the right people at companies -- either HR professionals or other professionals who are involved in hiring new college grads.
  2. Your parents' suggestion that you contact hiring managers directly is ALSO sound. So go ahead and implement this strategy, too. Again, though, there's no need for you to CHOOSE between this strategy and the career center/HR professional strategy. Simply use both.
  3. Your friends' suggestion that you work "only" with recruiters is a bit misguided, for several reasons:
    • Recruiters often won't work with people seeking entry-level positions (because it just doesn't pay for them to do so from a financial standpoint).
    • Many recruiters tend to work with candidates who are highly experienced and specialized. And so again, if you're NOT highly experienced and/or specialized, they probably won't want to work with you.
    • It's easy for college students and recent grads to think that they can simply hand their job search over to a recruiter and he/she will do all the work. Not true at all! If you happen to find a recruiter who specializes in working with recent college graduates (they ARE out there, especially in larger cities) -- and IF that recruiter is paid by the companies he/she is filling jobs for, and not YOU, the candidate (such services should be FREE to you) -- then it certainly can't hurt to give it a try. Just keep your expectations realistic -- and use the other strategies as well.

The trick is not relying on one or two strategies alone, but building a broad approach to your search that includes MANY strategies.

-- Peter Vogt, college career counselor, President of Career Planning Resources, and a Personal Career Coach with College to Career

Eighth Answer:

Defining which marketing strategies work most effectively for your job search is a good idea. Arbitrarily choosing those strategies is not. In short, both parties are correct. Human resource managers and recruiters are both effective mechanisms for locating career opportunities. However, it all depends on your end goal.

Since placement is the main function of most college and university career services offices, they will always encourage you to use their services--it's their job. As a student, new graduate or alumni, investigating and potentially using the services of a career services office is advantageous in many ways. First, these offices often have alliances with organizations and companies who have previously recruited (and found success) on that campus. Thus, they can often provide stronger and more successful connections than an individual can on his/her own to the human resource staff and hiring managers. Many also have very helpful e-recruiting or web-based job search systems to manage the on-campus process or provide access to research tools such as "Career Search."

A common misconception in job searching is that human resources staff are just an extra cog in the wheel when in actuality, human resources staff are highly powerful gatekeepers. While the role of human resources and internal recruiters varies from organization to organization, reaching out directly to human resources is a great way to learn more about an organization or its openings. That said, in addition to connecting with human resources, it is also important to locate other contacts in an organization. Use your network to share your career interests and ask for contacts at your target organizations.

Recruiters have a similar goal to career services offices--looking to place candidates in positions. Most recruiters either work on contingency (where they get a percentage of the employee's salary when they find a candidate who is hired into a position; used more often at lower levels) or retainer (the recruiter is hired as the sole source to find candidates for a particular role; used more often at the executive level.)

Recruiters can be very helpful, like career services offices, in connecting you to opportunities you may not locate otherwise. However, it is important to note that since recruiters receive their revenue from the organizations hiring, their allegiance is likely to be to the organization first. They do help the candidates through the process and act as your ally, but be sure the opportunity they are suggesting is one you want. Think of recruiters as a supplement to your search. They can be very helpful, but you don't want to rely solely on them. (You should also NEVER have to pay a recruiter to help you).

The bottom line is that in order to determine the strategies that work best for your search, you need to first sit back and define your goals. Once you do that, you can determine what combination of some of the following strategies will best help you reach your goals. Are you focusing on specific organizations? Use your university's e-recruiting system or on-campus interview process, or, reach out to your network to search for people that work there. Looking for a specific type of job? Search for recruiters who recruit solely in that specialty. You're the product--what type of marketing will best reach your audience?

-- Susan Strayer, Assistant Director, Career Services, School of Professional Studies in Business and Education at the Johns Hopkins University and founder and President of University and Career Decisions









Question:

I have 15 years of entry level through managerial experience in information technology, of which the last four to five years have been in SAP. Six months before 9/11, I moved from Texas to northern Virginia but then was laid off because of the resulting recession. I can't find work here that pays enough because the cost of living here is so high. I'd move, but employers in other areas won't pay for my relocation or are only willing to offer contract positions.

Those who worked at the Pentagon or the World Trade Center received financial assistance. Other government workers received financial assistance. I've received nothing.

Employers and the President say that people like me can't find work because we didn't keep our skills up-to-date, yet they won't give me the help that I need to acquire the new skills. I'm not interested in just working. I want to do the work that I've always done. Your advice?

First Answer:

My advice is the tough-love kind. As a career coach for 10 years, I've spent the last few years helping people like yourself deal with the major paradigm shift prompted by the tech bubble and subsequent recession. Here's a headlock and a few noogies for you.

  1. Just say "No" to feeling sorry for yourself, feeling entitled to something more, and comparing your situation with other people's. That's certainly not going to help you get a job!
  2. Since you're at the 15-year mark, this is not your first recession! Realize (and PLAN for the fact) that markets are cyclical, that they go up and down. The rate and severity of change is increased in a truly global marketplace. The result? Sometimes you earn more (and if you're smart, save more), other times you earn less (and use savings if need be). Sometimes employers are desperate for good employees and willingly pay for expensive extras like relocation and training. Other times they know that the right person will come to them. To stay competitive, be flexible, proactive, and willing to take care of the necessary details yourself if need be.
  3. And finally, I think contract work is absolutely fantastic. Unlike "full-time" jobs, contract work helps you keep your wits about you, reminding you that it (like all jobs) are temporary and subject to end with short notice. I know plenty of smart IT folk who are making a full-time living by saying "Yes!" to two or more serial contract assignments each year. Are these assignments always the most challenging? No. But they are good things to be doing while looking for work that really suits.

Now get out there and get a great job!

-- Tracy Laswell Williams, certified job and career transition coach, accredited resume writer and founder of CAREER-Magic.com

Second Answer:

I'm sorry that the terrorist attacks have impacted your career. Alas, the horrific events of 9/11 left their mark on every American, and in so many different ways. The job market deflated after these events. It hasn't really returned full-throttle since then, despite the rosy picture some economists continue to paint for public consumption.

That being said, I am not sure why you think that you are entitled to financial assistance for your pain and suffering. The people who worked at the Pentagon or whose places of employment were obliterated by physical devastation are in a different situation that you are.

As to not keeping your skills up to date, I also can't see how this is anyone's fault but your own. If you need to acquire new skills, it is your responsibility to make that happen! There are volunteer services that can help you update skills if you need that and can't afford it, and places where you can pay as your earn or maybe get a scholarship or deferred payment plans. There really isn't any reason why, if you honestly feel your skills are too outdated to make you competitive, you can't get the help you need to move forward in your life and career.

You might still also find an employer who will help you make a move to a new city if you really want to do that. Some employers will reimburse for moving expenses. I don't know your family situation, but if you really need to move and no employer will provide the cash, maybe you could think about moving to a place where you have family members or good friends who could put you up for a few months while you get back on your feet.

The problem as I see it isn't your lack of skills OR cash, but mainly your perception of your situation. It sounds like you want a handOUT, not a hand,UP. Life isn't the same for anyone since 9/11 but a few years have gone by since then and it's time to get back into action. You may want things to be as they were, and you may want to do the same thing you always did, but that might not be possible. The key to success is to learn how to be more flexible and optimistic. My advice? Update your attitude to see that you have to adjust to a new world...then, update your skills.

-- Alison Blackman Dunham, life & career expert, columnist, personal public relations consultant, half of THE ADVICE SISTERSĀ®, and the author of the ASK ALISON career advice column

Third Answer:

It sounds like you may have experience in IT that is being outsourced. If so, you are among a growing number of American workers who are being forced to upgrade their skills or even change careers at their expense.

It is important that you approach this difficult career situation as a challenge. This will require a positive, enthusiastic approach to getting a job. Your attitude must be that you will do what it takes to get a job in a difficult job market. If this requires improving your job skills, then you must determine the area in which you need to improve and find a way to do it.

If a job is especially appealing, you might consider paying your own expenses for relocating. If you improve your job interview skills and approach the interview with a positive, can do attitude, you will be ahead of the competition and land the job that is right for you.

I can suggest that you start improving your interview skills by reviewing the tips and information I have available at my web site at www.interviewcoach.com.

-- Carole Martin, The Interview Coach

Fourth Answer:

From this third-party perspective, you have quite a few positives happening for yourself. It would be good if you took an hour to evaluate, in a positive light, what you've just described. Then take another hour or so to start mapping out a strategy for yourself.

Before your lay-off, you were doing SAP. I looked up the meaning of SAP on Webpoedia and found it is a type of identity detection protocol for networks. The aftermath of 9/11 heightened the need for IT people who are well versed in security, identification and intrusion detection protocols.

The other thing that has occurred because of the 2000 Internet bust is the increase in contract work.

You can consider yourself a pioneer who is riding on the top-most part of the current crest of change. Taking some of those contract jobs will help you move further forward as a specialist and expert in your chosen area. While on those jobs, you can find out if the client wants you to do any extra work that is new. However, the economy is not allowing a lot of contract training. It would be wise to use those contract dollars to sponsor yourself through an enrichment course or so on whichever protocol is of most interest to you. For some ideas about where online education opportunities may be found, you can check my Education Center.

If you haven't been keeping up, you may want to check out Internet.com, ITWorld's Security channel for the latest articles and webcasts, and Tech Republic's peer discussions. Then also check the niche tech job boards in addition to researching which employers you're interested in that have opportunities posted on their websites.

May all of your Entrances be through the doors of success!

-- Yvonne LaRose, career and professional development coach, Career and Executive Recruiting Advice

Fifth Answer:

Ah, the inequities of tragedy. Personally, I know that my friend who lost her firefighter husband on 9-11 would give up every penny of what came her way for his return. So would another who lost her husband on the 105th floor. These women and thousands of other family members probably don't have to work anymore - but they do because they want to make a difference.

I may be reading into this but you say that you can't find work that pays enough - does this mean you're not taking these jobs because they don't pay enough and concentrating on finding jobs that do? Not to preach, but crazy times call for crazy actions - start small then rise to the challenge. Work as hard for three-quarters of the pay and then do more...you never know how your ethic will be perceived. Want to make a difference - work harder when times are tough. Talk to your SAP reps and offer your services pro bono to other companies in the midst of ERP implementations. Start a local user group. Teach SAP to college seniors. Volunteer your time to not-for-profits with systems issues. Present a seminar (or two) at regional I/T User Groups. Teach a course at a community college. You want to make a difference? Well, go make a difference. And quit whining.

-- Steve Levy, Principal of outside-the-box Consulting

Sixth Answer:

There is assistance available from various levels of government to displaced workers. The U.S. federal government, for example, offers many services to help workers and employers deal with the effects of layoffs and plant closures.

-- Steven Rothberg, President and Founder of CollegeRecruiter.com.










Question:

I've been successful in getting interviews for jobs that seem to match my skills and interests, but the interviewers keep asking me questions about areas which are not listed as part of the posted job description. I have some experience in many areas so try to answer the questions as best as I can, but inevitably that means that I'll sometimes have to provide them with a vague answer. For example, I interviewed for a job that included "managing a small group" as part of the description. That's a skill that I have. Yet most of the questions the interviewer asked were about how I would handle a very large project, manage it, schedule it, assign tasks, etc. I have no experience managing very large projects, only small ones. I made some educated guesses but my answers were weak. I think that I should be interviewed for the position for which I am applying. I expect some questions might be about relevant areas but not the major part of the interview. Am I wrong?

First Answer:

I think that you need to re-adjust your presentation and adjust your attitude. Your resume isn't the sum total of who you are! An interview is a chance for someone who might want to hire you to find out about your skills and your potential, any way she or he wishes. Interviewers may have interests or concerns that your resume do not reflect. They are perfectly justified in asking you any question that might reveal information they are seeking, assuming that they are not fishing for illegal information such as your age, marital status, etc.

Another thing you might do is adjust your resume for each job that you apply for so that it specifically uses many of the same words that are in the job description. You are less likely to be grilled about how to handle a large project, for example, if you have already explained in your resume how you have done that. If you can't answer a question or you don't have the experience required to give a good answer, the odds are that you probably aren't the best candidate for the job, either. Be gracious about answering questions. If you appear reticent or inept, you're hurting your chances to move on to the next round. At a certain level of expertise, by the time you get to the final interview, chances are the no one will be referring to your resume, anyway. They will be asking about your hobbies, views, etc. They want to know, for example, what sports you like which might have nothing to do with your ability to do the job, but everything to do with whether you are a "team player" or a "loner."

-- Alison Blackman Dunham, life & career expert, columnist, personal public relations consultant, half of THE ADVICE SISTERSĀ®, and the author of the ASK ALISON career advice column

Second Answer:

Of course you can expect to have to answer questions about the position you are applying for, and dissecting the job description is a great start. Ensuring that you have a specific example for each area of responsibility is key. That said, remember that candidates chosen to interview already have met many of the baseline skill criteria. That's why those candidates were chosen for the interview. For this reason, the interview is going to go past what's listed on the resume and aim to assess how a candidate will actually perform in the organization and fit in the organization's culture. Specifically, you may be getting questions that seem to be beyond the job description because the employer is trying to:

  1. Assess future potential: Sure the job is focused on managing small groups now, but hiring managers are trained to find candidates with long-term potential. If your resume gives a clear example of your small group management experience, the interviewer may try to determine your potential for eventually moving up in the organization and taking on more responsibility. If you're able to give an example of this, great. If not, talk about your desire to develop your management skills and earn the opportunity to manage larger groups of people.
  2. Assess your "moveability": As the economy changes, so do organizations' needs. And while the job description may be on down on paper, it's written in pen and not in stone. Many organizations are looking for candidates who can be flexible and take on additional or varied responsibilities as an organization grows and priorities shift. Unexpected questions may also test how you'll fit into an already established team, or specific organizational culture outside of the specific job itself. Review what stage of growth the organization is in (start-up, high-growth, mature/maintaining) and you can be better prepared for such questions.

Overall, the best way to prepare for unexpected questions in interviews is to prepare an inventory of stories, or very specific examples of your past performance. Make a list of behaviors that are your strengths (things like organization, detail-orientation, extroversion, flexibility, commitment etc.) and script out those stories using a structure like SOAR (situation, opportunity, action, result.) Then you can describe what the situation was (proposal team with no clear leader because of other work demands on team members), what the opportunity was (chance to step up to the plate and be a leader), what action you took (spent one evening breaking out the responsibilities to finish the proposal) and the final result (able to bring team together and not only contribute my assigned writing role, but also to serve as the leader and ensure the deadlines were met and the proposal was submitted on time.) In situations where you haven't had the experience, don't worry! Anticipate what some of those may be (like managing a large group) and share with the interviewer how you would manage the situation if given the chance.

-- Susan Strayer, Assistant Director, Career Services, School of Professional Studies in Business and Education at the Johns Hopkins University and founder and President of University and Career Decisions

Third Answer:

Don't despair - job descriptions tend to morph quite a bit as different candidates bring different skills and questions to the interview process. The fact that jobs are complex and ever-changing is a good thing - it means you can bring your own unique way of getting things done to the table. So don't walk in with a huge set of expectations about the way the interview should go.

Interviewing well doesn't mean having all the answers. It means showing up with a flexible, can-do attitude, connecting on an interpersonal level, being curious, and demonstrating that you like to solve problems.

-- Tracy Laswell Williams, certified job and career transition coach, accredited resume writer and founder of CAREER-Magic.com

Fourth Answer:

You asked "Am I wrong?" The bottom line is that the employer is in the driver's seat and he can ask whatever he wants to at an interview. Whether we think we should be asked certain questions or not is really not the issue. The issue is that an employer can ask any thing (within legal boundaries) that he chooses and when you interview you have to answer those questions. It would be OK to ask something like this: "I noticed that the ad specifically asked for someone with small group management skills, how much of this position would be managing this larger type of group.

To better prepare for an interview, think outside the scope of the job description. Using your experience in previous interviews, come up with list of questions that an employer might ask (besides the obvious job description related ones) and prepare answers for them. During an interview of an employer asks you a question that you feel you did not answer well come up with an answer that you feel comfortable with. Think outside the box and be prepared for all possibilities.

-- Linda Wyatt, Career Center Director, Kansas City Kansas Community College

Fifth Answer:

You are being interviewed for the position for which you applied, but nobody gets 100% of the tasks/responsibilities into the ad/posting. The advertised tasks may be the minimums the employer wants applicants to meet; the interviews are to take those qualified applicants and winnow them down to finalists who meet the unwritten criteria. "Managing a small group" might be a minimum qualification with a hidden agenda: the small group might be assigned to a large project, or the interviewer wants to see if you are capable of "scaling up" to handle a bigger project than previously. Unfortunately you cannot control for these unknowns, and the employer is reasonably going to interview for the job she or he has to fill, not the job description you write for yourself.

If your answers are weak not because you didn't prepare but because you're missing some of the competencies or experience required, you're not right for the job.

There's no joy or judgment in finding you "wrong;" take these experiences as guidance in preparing for future interviews. When you review an ad or job posting, think about not only the requirements and how you meet them, but how you would approach the next logical progression in growing your skill set. If you have good analytical, problem-solving, team management and time management skills, you can handle larger projects than you've previously done. Think how you will answer the sometimes still-asked question, "Where do you see yourself in five years?" Not still running the small projects you've historically managed, right? Also, for jobs for which you don't have exactly the "right" experience, prepare to answer the question "So what gives you the confidence to think you can handle this task when you haven't done one like it?"

And if you come across a series of jobs where you're continually falling short of requirements, think about how to fill the gap? How can you get the experience an employer deems critical? Sometimes it's a two-step process to get to the job you want, by taking an interim job first to fill in the holes in your experience that prospective employers have identified; sometimes you need to beef up a learned skill such as a computer application, a foreign language, or a sales methodology; a refresher course may help.

If you take a pro-active stance on filling employers' requirements, you'll have more success.

-- Carol Anderson, Career Development and Placement Office, Robert J. Milano Graduate School of Management and Urban Policy at New School University in New York City

Sixth Answer:

No and yes.

Because there are things known as progress, innovation, growth, and change, a job does not remain a job. Rather, it becomes a career -- especially when it comes to managing groups of people. No doubt your interviewers want to know more about not your current skills and how static they are but whether you envision change and growth. In addition to that vision, they want to know more about your ability to apply current skills in order to adapt to new situations that include some career challenge and growth into a larger, more responsible position. Employers are looking for people who will be with the company for at least a year and hope for a person who will be there for the long haul. Change and growth are inevitable and should be part of the package.

As you continue with your interviewing, please keep these factors in mind. As you research the companies at which you've applied and will interview, project where they are going and how you will and want to fit into the growth picture. Practice answering the growth questions. If you've taken management courses, review some of the principles that were learned and envision how those principles will apply to your new setting.

The next time you're faced with this type of interview, please avoid apologizing. Instead, start out by saying something about how you're glad to know that the position has growth potential. You may want to describe how you've handled small groups or situations and that in the situation at hand, you'd make thus and so modification. Remember that as you grow in responsibilities, it will be necessary to delegate. No one person can handle the world alone.

Congratulations on findng companies that have a long-term vision of commitment. May all of your Entrances be through the doors of success!

-- Yvonne LaRose, career and professional development coach, Career and Executive Recruiting Advice

Seventh Answer:

If the interviewer asks you questions that are unrelated or only marginally related to the job description then you should be candid and explain that your qualifications are limited in those areas outside the job description. But also explain what a quick learner you are and try to give an example of when you came up to speed at another job very quickly.

However managing small groups or projects vs managing large groups or projects may be probes by the interviewer to see if you are willing to accept more responsibility. If you are interested in a job with the new company, it would improve your prospects if you explain that your experience has been managing smaller groups or projects but you would welcome the opportunity to manage larger groups or projects. You might explain that you have been successful at managing smaller projects and that you could apply some of the basic principles. The message you would be sending is that you are willing to accept more responsibilities and a larger workload.

Even though things are improving in the job market, the employer is still in the "driver's seat" and can still be somewhat arrogant in the way they choose people. In a normal market they are looking for 80% of the job requirements. In a tight market the expectation level raises to 100% and then some.

You wouldn't want to take a job that you couldn't do well so maybe they are doing you a favor flushing out their expectations before it is too late. Make sure you are looking at the job as objectively as possible and asking yourself, "Would I want this job?"

-- Carole Martin, The Interview Coach









Question:

I am interviewing for a straight commission-based sales position. I know the product well and my engineering background will give me a big advantage over other sales people. The products sell for anywhere between $50,000 and $5,000,000. The sales cycle can be two years. How should I negotiate my commission and expense account? What would be a fair commission rate (5%, 10%, 15% on the gross or net)? Should my contract include a clause that entitles me to a commission for projects that I've worked on even if the sale closes after I leave the company?

First Answer:

You and anyone advising you on this matter need a lot more information. Commission sales jobs are for the very secure and the fearless. Do you have a proven track record in sales and a clear-eyed view of what the job entails? Clearly it's not a new product because you already know it well. Among the missing data:

  1. Is this an existing sales territory, or "key accounts" or "national accounts" assignment? If so, what's the historical sales volume been? Is it considered an underperforming territory or are you stepping into the shoes of an overachiever who has worked the territory to saturation? The employer is trying to structure a payout to ensure that all sales costs are covered by sales revenues, probably with a pre-determined gross margin target. A "fair" rate will provide you with a reasonable level of earnings if you make quota (for your industry and scope of responsibility); that rate might be larger for a $7 million territory than for a $20 million dollar territory. Good performance-based pay plans assume both an upside and a downside in the quota assigned to you. What are the new challenges to maintaining/growing market share? New competitors?
  2. Is this a reconfigured territory, a new territory due to expansion? A new sales channel? In any one of these cases, what are the assumptions that drive the forecast and quota you are assigned? Test them.
  3. For an existing territory or across the company, what has the historical payout been as a % of sales? Make sure you aren't being hired as Wonderwoman or Tarzan, to do the humanly impossible. The impossible could be an unrealistic quota or a purposely unattainable 100% of plan.
  4. Are you paid only on closed new sales? What compensation do you earn for maintaining current accounts, or is there no level of service required to do so? Do you earn commission from the first dollar of sales, or only on increases over the current level of business?
  5. Is compensation capped? At what? 110% of quota? 125%? 150%? You want it to be uncapped; sell it as "I'll share the risk, you share the gravy."
  6. Are you responsible for lead generation as well as converting leads to sales? If so, how much of your time is this expected to take? Are you going to be cold calling? Factor in all non-sales tasks into your estimate of this job's viability.
  7. What else besides sales closed affects your payout? Some employers penalize reps who exceed expense budgets, and your expense budget may include use of promotional materials, booth rental at industry conferences, and staff time, not just your T & E.
  8. Is the performance of other reps in your region, or the company's profit level, a factor in your payout? It's in your favor if you are 100% responsible for delivering the performance that warrants incentive pay.
  9. Is there a nonrefundable draw against commission, so you can pay your bills without fear you have to give back unearned advances? Typically the draw is much less than full anticipated commission, sometimes 50%, so you may have to live on $60K a year in a job with earnings potential of $150K, for example.
  10. How often is commission calculated and what is the lag between end of the sales period and payout?
  11. You can ask for a payout on sales you worked on even if you leave before they close, but you may not get it. If you get such a clause, make sure it defines what level of "work" you have to prove to be eligible; most firms want to reward only the closer or will want to split that commission with those who closed it after you left. Many companies have a rule that you must be on payroll through the end of the cycle in which the deal closes to earn commission. This is why "signing bo